I've recently been investigating a severe performance issue I noticed when writing to a qcow2-backed image. When virt-v2v is doing a format conversion from raw to qcow2, it does the following: 1. Create a new qcow2 image 2. Launch a libguestfs appliance (kvm) using the new image 3. Write the source raw data to the appliance's block device I noticed that the same process writing to a raw image rather than a qcow2 image was adequately fast, and decided to do some testing. I've attached my simple test program.[1] It does the following: 1. Start an appliance with test.img as a disk. 2. Format test.img with ext2. 3. Create a file /test 4. Write 256M of data to /test in 2M chunks Only step 4 is timed. I ran the program against test.img prepared in 4 different ways: 1. A sparse raw file: 15.3 seconds truncate --size 300M test.img 2. A preallocated raw file: 14.8 seconds fallocate -l 300M test.img 3. A sparse qcow2 file: 223.0 seconds qemu-img create -f qcow2 test.img 300M 4. A metadata preallocated qcow2 file: 14.5 seconds qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o preallocated=metadata test.img 300M With the exception of (3), I ran the test 3 times and took the middle time rounded to 1DP. I saw about 5-10% variation. I only ran the test against (3) once. The precise ordering of 1, 2 and 4 is surprising, but given the variation probably not that interesting: they're all about the same. The interesting thing is that the overhead of qcow2 metadata creation during the test seems to account for a 15x performance penalty. I had a cursory look at metadata preallocation, which I hadn't been aware of before today. Creating a qcow2 image of any size with no preallocation results in a 136k file. If you preallocate the metadata, a sparse file is created large enough to accomodate the entire image, with more practical 20G image, 3.3M is preallocated. It's also worth noting that the image takes considerably longer to create. On my laptop, creation without preallocation is 'instantaneous' at any size. With preallocation, a 20G image takes 6 seconds to create, and a 100G image takes 26 seconds. libvirt's qemu driver doesn't currently preallocate qcow2 metadata when creating a new image. Given the tiny disk space overhead of the metadata (0.02%) and the small processing overhead of pre-creation relative to subsequent creation on-the-fly, I suggest that the libvirt qemu driver is updated to pre-allocate metadata by default. Thoughts? Matt [1] Note that I'm running this against libguestfs from git, which uses virtio-serial rather than usermode networking for appliance<->host communication. This change alone improved the performance of this test by about 10x. If your numbers don't match mine, that's probably why. I don't know off the top of my head if this change has made it into F14 yet. It's definitely not in F13. -- Matthew Booth, RHCA, RHCSS Red Hat Engineering, Virtualisation Team GPG ID: D33C3490 GPG FPR: 3733 612D 2D05 5458 8A8A 1600 3441 EA19 D33C 3490