[libvirt PATCH 00/28] native support for nftables in virtual network driver
by Laine Stump
This patch series enables libvirt to use nftables rules rather than
iptables *when setting up virtual networks* (it does *not* add
nftables support to the nwfilter driver). It accomplishes this by
abstracting several iptables functions (from viriptables.[ch] called
by the virtual network driver into a rudimentary "virNetfilter API"
(in virnetfilter.[ch], having the virtual network driver call the
virNetFilter API rather than calling the existing iptables functions
directly, and then finally adding an equivalent virNftables backend
that can be used instead of iptables (selected manually via a
network.conf setting, or automatically if iptables isn't found on the
host).
A first look at the result may have you thinking that it's filled with
a lot of bad decisions. While I would agree with that in many cases, I
think that overall they are the "least bad" decisions, or at least
"bad within acceptable limits / no worse than something else", and
point out that it's been done in a way that minimizes (actually
eliminates) the need for immediate changes to nwfilter (the other
consumer of iptables, which *also* needs to be updated to use native
nftables), and makes it much easier to change our mind about the
details in the future.
When I first started on this (long, protracted, repeatedly interrupted
for extended periods - many of these patches are > a year old) task, I
considered doing an all-at-once complete replacement of iptables with
nftables, since all the Linux distros we support have had nftables for
several years, and I'm pretty sure nobody has it disabled (not even
sure if it's possible to disable nftables while still enabling
iptables, since they both use xtables in the kernel). But due to
libvirt's use of "-t mangle -j CHECKSUM --checksum-fill" (see commit
fd5b15ff all the way back in July 2010 for details) which has no
equivalent in nftables rules (and we don't *want* it to!!), and the
desire to be able to easily switch back to iptables in case of an
unforeseen regression, we decided that both iptables and nftables need
to be supported (for now), with the default (for now) remaining as
iptables.
Just allowing for dual backends complicated matters, since it means
that we have to have a config file, a setting, detection of which
backends are available, and of course some sort of concept of an
abstracted frontend that can use either backend based on the config
setting (and/or auto-detection). Combining that with the fact that it
would just be "too big" of a project to switch over nwfilter's
iptables usage at the same time means that we have to keep around a
lot of existing code for compatibility's sake rather than just wiping
it all away and starting over.
So, what I've ended up with is:
1) a network.conf file (didn't exist before) with a single setting
"firewall_backend". If unset, the network driver tries to use iptables
on the backend, and if that's missing, then tries to use nftables.
2) a new (internal-only, so transient!) virNetFilterXXX API that is
used by the network driver in place of the iptablesXXX API, and calls
either iptablesXXX or:
3) a virNftablesXXX API that exactly replicates the filtering rules of
the existing iptablesXXX API (except in the custom "libvirt" base
table rather than the system "filter" and "nat" tables). This means
that:
4) when the nftables backend is used, the rules added are *exactly the
same* (functionally speaking) as we currently add for iptables (except
they are in the "libvirt" table).
We had spent some time in IRC discussing different ways of using new
functionality available in nftables to make a more
efficient/performant implemention of the desired filtering, and there
are some really great possibilities that need to be explored, but in
the end there were too many details up in the air, and I decided that
it would be more "accomplishable" (coined a new word there!) to first
replicate existing behavior with nftables, but do it inside a
framework that makes it easy to modify the details in the future (in
particular making it painless to switch back and forth between builds
with differing filter models at runtime) - this way we'll be able to
separate the infrastructure work from the details of the rules (which
we can then more easily work on and experiment with). (This implies
that the main objective right now is "get rid of iptables
dependencies", not "make the filtering faster and more efficient").
Notable features of this patchset:
* allows switching between iptables/nftables backends without
rebooting or restarting networks/guests.
Because the commands required to remove a network's filter rules are
now saved in the network status XML, each time libvirtd (or
virtnetworkd) is restarted, it will execute exactly the commands
needed to remove the filter rules that had been added by the
previous libvirtd/virtnetworkd (rather than just making a guess, as
we've always done up until now), and then add new rules using the
current backend+binary's set of rules (while also saving the info
needed for future removal of these new rules back into the network's
status XML).
* firewall_backend can be explicitly set in (new)
/etc/libvirt/network.conf, but if it's not explicitly set, libvirt
will default to the iptables backend if the iptables binary is
found, and otherwise fall back to nftables as long as the nft
binary is found; otherwise the first attempt to start a network will
fail with an appropriate error.
Things that seem ugly / that I would like to clean up / that I think
are just fine as they are:
* virFirewall does *not* provide a backend-agnostic interface [this is fine]
* We need to maintain a backward-compatible API for virFirewall so
that we don't have to touch nwfilter code. Trying to make its API
backend-agnostic would require individually considering/changing
every nwfilter use of virFirewall.
* instead virFirewall objects are just a way to build a collection
of commands to execute to build a firewall, then execute them
while collecting info for and building a collection of commands
that will tear down that firewall in the future.
Do I want to "fix" this in the future by making virFirewall a higher
level interface that accepts tokens describing the type of rule to
add (rather than backend-specific arguments to a backend-specific
command)? No. I think I like the way virFirewall works (as
described in that previous bullet-point), instead I'm thinking that
it is just slightly mis-named - I've lately been thinking of it as a
"virNetFilterCmdList". Similarly, the virFirewallRules that it has a
list of aren't really "rules", they are better described as commands
or actions, so maybe they should be renamed to virNetfilterCmd or
virNetfilterAction. But that is just cosmetic, so I didn't want to
get into it in these patches (especially in case someone disagrees,
or has a better idea for naming).
* Speaking of renaming - I should probably rename all the
"iptablesXXX" functions to "virIptablesXXX" to be consistent with so
much of our other code. I lost the ambition to deal with it right
now though, so I'm leaving that for later cleanup (or I could do it
now if it really makes someone's day :-).
* I could have chosen a higher place in the callchain to make the
virNetfilter abstraction, e.g. at the level of
"networkAddXXXFirewallRules()" rather than at the lower level of
iptablesXXX(). That is actually probably what will happen in the
future (since it will be necessary in order for an nftables-based
firewall to be significantly different in structure from an
iptables-based firewall). But that's the beauty of an API being
private - we can freely add/remove things as needed. the important
thing is that we now have the basic structure there.
For now, the split is just above the existing iptablesXXX API
(util/viriptables.[ch], which seems like a "narrow" enough
place. Most iptablesXXX functions are written in terms of just 10
*other* iptablesXXX functions that add iptables-specific commands -
I've just moved those functions into virnetfilter.[ch]
(appropriately renamed), and changed them to call the 10
virNetfilterXXX functions that will in-turn call those 10
iptablesXXX (or equivalent virNftablesXXX) functions.
* Some people may dislike that the 10 virNetfilterXXX functions are
each written with a switch statement that has cases to directly call
each backend, rather than each backend driver having a table of
pointers to API functions, with the virNetfilter API function
calling backends[fwBackend]->XXX() (ie the pattern for so many
drivers in libvirt). But for just 2 backends, that really seemed
like overkill and unnecessary obfuscation.
* As implemented here, I am storing a "<fwRemoval>" element in the
network status XML - it contains a serialized virFirewall object
that directly contains the commands necessary to remove the
firewall. I could instead just store "<firewall>", which would
include all the commands that were used to *create* the firewall in
addition to the commands needed to remove the firewall. The way it's
done currently takes up less space; switching to storing the full
firewall *might* be more informative to somebody, but on the other
hand would make the network status XML *very* long. If anybody has
an opinion about this, now is the time to bring it up - do you think
it's worth having a separate list of all the commands that were used
to create a network's firewall (keeping in mind that there is no
public API to access it)? Or is it enough to just store what's
needed to remove the firewall?
* Several months ago Eric Garver posted patches for a pure firewalld
backend, and I requested that they not be pushed because I wanted
that to be integrated with my nftables backend support. Due to the
fact that the firewalld backend is almost entirely implemented by
putting the bridge into a new firewalld "zone", with no individual
rules added, that won't happen as just another backend driver file
in parallel to iptables and nftables; it will instead work by
checking firewall_backend at a higher level in the network driver,
thus avoiding the calls to virNetfilterXXX() entirely. I have
locally merged Eric's patches over the top of these patches, and
there are surprisingly few conflicts, but since his patches didn't
account for a user-settable config (but instead just always used the
firewalld backend if firewalld was active), some of the patches are
going to require a bit of rework, which I'll take care of after
getting these patches in.
Laine Stump (28):
util: add -w/--concurrent when applying the rule rather than when
building it
util: new virFirewallRuleGet*() APIs
util: determine ignoreErrors value when creating rule, not when
applying
util: rename iptables helpers that will become the frontend for
ip&nftables
util: move backend-agnostic virNetfilter*() functions to their own
file
util: make netfilter action a proper typedefed (virFirewall) enum
util: #define the names used for private packet filter chains
util: move/rename virFirewallApplyRuleDirect to
virIptablesApplyFirewallRule
util/network: reintroduce virFirewallBackend, but different
network: add (empty) network.conf file to distribution files
network: allow setting firewallBackend from network.conf
network: do not add DHCP checksum mangle rule unless using iptables
network: call backend agnostic function to init private filter chains
util: setup functions in virnetfilter which will call appropriate
backend
build: add nft to the list of binaries we attempt to locate
util: add nftables backend to virnetfilter API used by network driver
tests: test cases for nftables backend
util: new functions to support adding individual rollback rules
util: check for 0 args when applying iptables rule
util: implement rollback rule autosave for iptables backend
util: implement rollback rule autosave for nftables backend
network: turn on auto-rollback for the rules added for virtual
networks
util: new function virFirewallNewFromRollback()
util: new functions virFirewallParseXML() and virFirewallFormat()
conf: add a virFirewall object to virNetworkObj
network: use previously saved list of firewall rules when removing
network: save network status when firewall rules are reloaded
network: improve log message when reloading virtual network firewall
rules
libvirt.spec.in | 5 +
meson.build | 1 +
po/POTFILES | 2 +
src/conf/virnetworkobj.c | 40 +
src/conf/virnetworkobj.h | 11 +
src/libvirt_private.syms | 68 +-
src/network/bridge_driver.c | 40 +-
src/network/bridge_driver_conf.c | 44 +
src/network/bridge_driver_conf.h | 3 +
src/network/bridge_driver_linux.c | 241 +++--
src/network/bridge_driver_nop.c | 6 +-
src/network/bridge_driver_platform.h | 6 +-
src/network/libvirtd_network.aug | 39 +
src/network/meson.build | 11 +
src/network/network.conf | 24 +
src/network/test_libvirtd_network.aug.in | 5 +
src/nwfilter/nwfilter_ebiptables_driver.c | 16 +-
src/util/meson.build | 2 +
src/util/virebtables.c | 4 +-
src/util/virfirewall.c | 490 ++++++++--
src/util/virfirewall.h | 51 +-
src/util/viriptables.c | 762 ++++-----------
src/util/viriptables.h | 222 ++---
src/util/virnetfilter.c | 892 ++++++++++++++++++
src/util/virnetfilter.h | 159 ++++
src/util/virnftables.c | 698 ++++++++++++++
src/util/virnftables.h | 118 +++
.../{base.args => base.iptables} | 0
tests/networkxml2firewalldata/base.nftables | 256 +++++
...-linux.args => nat-default-linux.iptables} | 0
.../nat-default-linux.nftables | 248 +++++
...pv6-linux.args => nat-ipv6-linux.iptables} | 0
.../nat-ipv6-linux.nftables | 384 ++++++++
...rgs => nat-ipv6-masquerade-linux.iptables} | 0
.../nat-ipv6-masquerade-linux.nftables | 456 +++++++++
...linux.args => nat-many-ips-linux.iptables} | 0
.../nat-many-ips-linux.nftables | 472 +++++++++
...-linux.args => nat-no-dhcp-linux.iptables} | 0
.../nat-no-dhcp-linux.nftables | 384 ++++++++
...ftp-linux.args => nat-tftp-linux.iptables} | 0
.../nat-tftp-linux.nftables | 274 ++++++
...inux.args => route-default-linux.iptables} | 0
.../route-default-linux.nftables | 162 ++++
tests/networkxml2firewalltest.c | 56 +-
tests/virfirewalltest.c | 20 +-
45 files changed, 5718 insertions(+), 954 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/network/libvirtd_network.aug
create mode 100644 src/network/network.conf
create mode 100644 src/network/test_libvirtd_network.aug.in
create mode 100644 src/util/virnetfilter.c
create mode 100644 src/util/virnetfilter.h
create mode 100644 src/util/virnftables.c
create mode 100644 src/util/virnftables.h
rename tests/networkxml2firewalldata/{base.args => base.iptables} (100%)
create mode 100644 tests/networkxml2firewalldata/base.nftables
rename tests/networkxml2firewalldata/{nat-default-linux.args => nat-default-linux.iptables} (100%)
create mode 100644 tests/networkxml2firewalldata/nat-default-linux.nftables
rename tests/networkxml2firewalldata/{nat-ipv6-linux.args => nat-ipv6-linux.iptables} (100%)
create mode 100644 tests/networkxml2firewalldata/nat-ipv6-linux.nftables
rename tests/networkxml2firewalldata/{nat-ipv6-masquerade-linux.args => nat-ipv6-masquerade-linux.iptables} (100%)
create mode 100644 tests/networkxml2firewalldata/nat-ipv6-masquerade-linux.nftables
rename tests/networkxml2firewalldata/{nat-many-ips-linux.args => nat-many-ips-linux.iptables} (100%)
create mode 100644 tests/networkxml2firewalldata/nat-many-ips-linux.nftables
rename tests/networkxml2firewalldata/{nat-no-dhcp-linux.args => nat-no-dhcp-linux.iptables} (100%)
create mode 100644 tests/networkxml2firewalldata/nat-no-dhcp-linux.nftables
rename tests/networkxml2firewalldata/{nat-tftp-linux.args => nat-tftp-linux.iptables} (100%)
create mode 100644 tests/networkxml2firewalldata/nat-tftp-linux.nftables
rename tests/networkxml2firewalldata/{route-default-linux.args => route-default-linux.iptables} (100%)
create mode 100644 tests/networkxml2firewalldata/route-default-linux.nftables
--
2.39.2
1 month, 2 weeks
[PATCH 00/16] Farewell rpcgen
by Daniel P. Berrangé
This series something I was hacking on a little while back in an
attempt to make our RPC layer more maintainable. There are many
aspects I'm unhappy about with current code
* When serializing a message we have no clue how big
it will be, but xdrmem_create wants a fixed size,
so we have to keep trying to serialize in a loop
making it bigger each time
* We don't control memory allocation/free'ing directly
so we can't do a virSecureErase on fields inside the
RPC message struct that handle secrets.
* The XDR API is generally unpleasant to use as it is
outside our virNetMessage object. Ideally we would
be reading/writing directly from/to the virNetMessage
buffer with APIs on virNetMessage,instead of indirectly
via a XDR object.
* We want more from XDR than it actually gives us. Our
XDR protocol files have annotations to express what
we want our code generator todo, or for ACLs. The
relationship between the structs and the message
numbers is implicit. Essentially we've defined our
own language indirectly via comments, and then
parse this with regexes which is horrid.
* The code rpcgen creates is poor quality which we have
to post-process to fix bugs/problems. It also lacks
support for modern features like g_auto.
Anyway, in a fit of rage I looked at the XDR RFC and thought..
This language is trivial, why do we need to outsource to
rpcgen and libtirpc instead of dealing with it directly.
This small series moves in that direction. It creates an
XDR language lexer and parser, and then a code generator
which emits code that is (nearly) identical to what rpcgen
would emit. This is sufficient to eliminate rpcgen usage
and support g_auto. Since we're still using libtirpc
at this stage we can be confident we're still doing the
same thing on the wire. I've got some unit tests too
with the rpcgen generation to validate stuff.
The next step is to change the code generator so that
instead of generating code for libtirpc APIs, it will
instead directly speak virNetMessage APIs. That would
give us full control over our RPC stack guaranteed to
be platform portable instead of fighting slight differences
in RPC libraries (eg xdr_quad vs xdr_int64 madness).
I was going to wait until I had written such code before
sending this series, but I've got diverted onto other more
important tasks. So here at least is what I have so far.
After that foundation is done, we are in a place where
we can actually do more innovative things. For example
we can directly extend the XDR protocol language if we
like, turning our magic comments into properly parsable
constructs.
With this, we would be in a position to replace our
Perl RPC client/server dispatch code generators with
something that is more supportable in Python. The python
code would work with properly represented objects and
formal parsers and not regexes and anonymous complex
perl data structures.
Daniel P. Berrangé (16):
rpcgen: drop type-puning workarounds
build-aux: skip E203 and W503 flake8 checks
build-aux: introduce 'black' tool for python formatting
rpcgen: add an XDR protocol lexer
rpcgen: add an XDR protocol abstract syntax tree
rpcgen: add an XDR protocol parser
rpcgen: define a visitor API for XDR protocol specs
rpcgen: add a C code generator for XDR protocol specs
rpcgen: add test case for XDR serialization
rpcgen: define entrypoint for running new rpcgen impl
build: switch over to new rpc generator code
rpcgen: add g_auto function support
rpc: use g_auto for client RPC return parameters
admin: use g_auto for client RPC return parameters
remote: use g_auto for client RPC return parameters
rpc: add helpers for XDR type serialization
build-aux/Makefile.in | 1 +
build-aux/meson.build | 5 +
build-aux/syntax-check.mk | 42 +-
libvirt.spec.in | 2 +-
meson.build | 13 +-
scripts/meson.build | 2 +
scripts/rpcgen/main.py | 90 ++
scripts/rpcgen/meson.build | 16 +
scripts/rpcgen/rpcgen/ast.py | 270 ++++++
scripts/rpcgen/rpcgen/generator.py | 509 ++++++++++++
scripts/rpcgen/rpcgen/lexer.py | 213 +++++
scripts/rpcgen/rpcgen/meson.build | 7 +
scripts/rpcgen/rpcgen/parser.py | 497 +++++++++++
scripts/rpcgen/rpcgen/visitor.py | 156 ++++
scripts/rpcgen/tests/demo.c | 495 +++++++++++
scripts/rpcgen/tests/demo.h | 264 ++++++
scripts/rpcgen/tests/demo.x | 127 +++
scripts/rpcgen/tests/meson.build | 20 +
scripts/rpcgen/tests/simple.x | 35 +
scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo.c | 782 ++++++++++++++++++
scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_enum.bin | Bin 0 -> 4 bytes
.../tests/test_demo_enum_fixed_array.bin | Bin 0 -> 52 bytes
.../tests/test_demo_enum_pointer_null.bin | Bin 0 -> 4 bytes
.../tests/test_demo_enum_pointer_set.bin | Bin 0 -> 8 bytes
.../rpcgen/tests/test_demo_enum_scalar.bin | Bin 0 -> 4 bytes
.../test_demo_enum_variable_array_empty.bin | Bin 0 -> 4 bytes
.../test_demo_enum_variable_array_set.bin | Bin 0 -> 16 bytes
.../tests/test_demo_int_fixed_array.bin | Bin 0 -> 12 bytes
.../tests/test_demo_int_pointer_null.bin | Bin 0 -> 4 bytes
.../tests/test_demo_int_pointer_set.bin | Bin 0 -> 8 bytes
scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_int_scalar.bin | Bin 0 -> 4 bytes
.../test_demo_int_variable_array_empty.bin | Bin 0 -> 4 bytes
.../test_demo_int_variable_array_set.bin | Bin 0 -> 16 bytes
.../tests/test_demo_opaque_fixed_array.bin | Bin 0 -> 12 bytes
.../test_demo_opaque_variable_array_empty.bin | Bin 0 -> 4 bytes
.../test_demo_opaque_variable_array_set.bin | Bin 0 -> 8 bytes
.../test_demo_string_variable_array_empty.bin | Bin 0 -> 4 bytes
.../test_demo_string_variable_array_set.bin | Bin 0 -> 12 bytes
scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_struct.bin | Bin 0 -> 8 bytes
.../tests/test_demo_struct_fixed_array.bin | Bin 0 -> 136 bytes
.../tests/test_demo_struct_pointer_null.bin | Bin 0 -> 4 bytes
.../tests/test_demo_struct_pointer_set.bin | Bin 0 -> 12 bytes
.../rpcgen/tests/test_demo_struct_scalar.bin | 1 +
.../test_demo_struct_variable_array_empty.bin | Bin 0 -> 4 bytes
.../test_demo_struct_variable_array_set.bin | Bin 0 -> 28 bytes
.../tests/test_demo_test_struct_all_types.bin | Bin 0 -> 1752 bytes
scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_union_case.bin | Bin 0 -> 8 bytes
.../rpcgen/tests/test_demo_union_default.bin | Bin 0 -> 8 bytes
.../tests/test_demo_union_fixed_array.bin | Bin 0 -> 168 bytes
.../tests/test_demo_union_no_default_case.bin | Bin 0 -> 8 bytes
.../tests/test_demo_union_pointer_null.bin | Bin 0 -> 4 bytes
.../tests/test_demo_union_pointer_set.bin | Bin 0 -> 12 bytes
.../rpcgen/tests/test_demo_union_scalar.bin | Bin 0 -> 8 bytes
.../test_demo_union_variable_array_empty.bin | Bin 0 -> 4 bytes
.../test_demo_union_variable_array_set.bin | Bin 0 -> 28 bytes
.../test_demo_union_void_default_case.bin | Bin 0 -> 8 bytes
.../test_demo_union_void_default_default.bin | 1 +
scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_generator.py | 60 ++
scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_lexer.py | 116 +++
scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_parser.py | 91 ++
src/admin/admin_remote.c | 50 +-
src/admin/meson.build | 8 +-
src/locking/meson.build | 8 +-
src/logging/meson.build | 8 +-
src/lxc/meson.build | 12 +-
src/remote/meson.build | 8 +-
src/remote/remote_driver.c | 754 ++++++-----------
src/rpc/gendispatch.pl | 60 +-
src/rpc/genprotocol.pl | 144 ----
src/rpc/meson.build | 9 +-
src/rpc/virnetmessage.c | 704 ++++++++++++++++
src/rpc/virnetmessage.h | 88 ++
72 files changed, 4897 insertions(+), 771 deletions(-)
create mode 100755 scripts/rpcgen/main.py
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/meson.build
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/rpcgen/ast.py
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/rpcgen/generator.py
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/rpcgen/lexer.py
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/rpcgen/meson.build
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/rpcgen/parser.py
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/rpcgen/visitor.py
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/demo.c
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/demo.h
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/demo.x
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/meson.build
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/simple.x
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo.c
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_enum.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_enum_fixed_array.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_enum_pointer_null.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_enum_pointer_set.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_enum_scalar.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_enum_variable_array_empty.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_enum_variable_array_set.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_int_fixed_array.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_int_pointer_null.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_int_pointer_set.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_int_scalar.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_int_variable_array_empty.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_int_variable_array_set.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_opaque_fixed_array.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_opaque_variable_array_empty.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_opaque_variable_array_set.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_string_variable_array_empty.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_string_variable_array_set.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_struct.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_struct_fixed_array.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_struct_pointer_null.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_struct_pointer_set.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_struct_scalar.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_struct_variable_array_empty.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_struct_variable_array_set.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_test_struct_all_types.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_union_case.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_union_default.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_union_fixed_array.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_union_no_default_case.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_union_pointer_null.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_union_pointer_set.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_union_scalar.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_union_variable_array_empty.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_union_variable_array_set.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_union_void_default_case.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_demo_union_void_default_default.bin
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_generator.py
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_lexer.py
create mode 100644 scripts/rpcgen/tests/test_parser.py
delete mode 100755 src/rpc/genprotocol.pl
--
2.39.1
8 months, 3 weeks
Re: [libvirt] [Qemu-devel] Qemu migration with vhost-user-blk on top of local storage
by Stefan Hajnoczi
On Wed, Jan 09, 2019 at 06:23:42PM +0800, wuzhouhui wrote:
> Hi everyone,
>
> I'm working qemu with vhost target (e.g. spdk), and I attempt to migrate VM with
> 2 local storages. One local storage is a regular file, e.g. /tmp/c74.qcow2, and
> the other is a malloc bdev that spdk created. This malloc bdev will exported to
> VM via vhost-user-blk. When I execute following command:
>
> virsh migrate --live --persistent --unsafe --undefinesource --copy-storage-all \
> --p2p --auto-converge --verbose --desturi qemu+tcp://<uri>/system vm0
>
> The libvirt reports:
>
> qemu-2.12.1: error: internal error: unable to execute QEMU command \
> 'nbd-server-add': Cannot find device=drive-virtio-disk1 nor \
> node_name=drive-virtio-disk1
Please post your libvirt domain XML.
> Does it means that qemu with spdk on top of local storage don't support migration?
>
> QEMU: 2.12.1
> SPDK: 18.10
vhost-user-blk bypasses the QEMU block layer, so NBD storage migration
at the QEMU level will not work for the vhost-user-blk disk.
Stefan
9 months
[libvirt] [PATCH v3] openvswitch: Add new port VLAN mode "dot1q-tunnel"
by luzhipeng＠uniudc.com
From: ZhiPeng Lu <luzhipeng(a)uniudc.com>
Signed-off-by: ZhiPeng Lu <luzhipeng(a)uniudc.com>
---
v1->v2:
1. Fix "make syntax-check" failure
v2->v3:
1. remove other_config when updating vlan
docs/formatnetwork.html.in | 17 +++++++++--------
docs/schemas/networkcommon.rng | 1 +
src/conf/netdev_vlan_conf.c | 2 +-
src/util/virnetdevopenvswitch.c | 7 +++++++
src/util/virnetdevvlan.h | 1 +
5 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
diff --git a/docs/formatnetwork.html.in b/docs/formatnetwork.html.in
index 363a72b..3c1ae62 100644
--- a/docs/formatnetwork.html.in
+++ b/docs/formatnetwork.html.in
@@ -688,16 +688,17 @@
</p>
<p>
For network connections using Open vSwitch it is also possible
- to configure 'native-tagged' and 'native-untagged' VLAN modes
+ to configure 'native-tagged' and 'native-untagged' and 'dot1q-tunnel'
+ VLAN modes.
<span class="since">Since 1.1.0.</span> This is done with the
- optional <code>nativeMode</code> attribute on
- the <code><tag></code> subelement: <code>nativeMode</code>
- may be set to 'tagged' or 'untagged'. The <code>id</code>
- attribute of the <code><tag></code> subelement
- containing <code>nativeMode</code> sets which VLAN is considered
- to be the "native" VLAN for this interface, and
+ optional <code>nativeMode</code> attribute on the
+ <code><tag></code> subelement: <code>nativeMode</code>
+ may be set to 'tagged' or 'untagged' or 'dot1q-tunnel'.
+ The <code>id</code> attribute of the <code><tag></code>
+ subelement containing <code>nativeMode</code> sets which VLAN is
+ considered to be the "native" VLAN for this interface, and
the <code>nativeMode</code> attribute determines whether or not
- traffic for that VLAN will be tagged.
+ traffic for that VLAN will be tagged or QinQ.
</p>
<p>
<code><vlan></code> elements can also be specified in
diff --git a/docs/schemas/networkcommon.rng b/docs/schemas/networkcommon.rng
index 2699555..11c48ff 100644
--- a/docs/schemas/networkcommon.rng
+++ b/docs/schemas/networkcommon.rng
@@ -223,6 +223,7 @@
<choice>
<value>tagged</value>
<value>untagged</value>
+ <value>dot1q-tunnel</value>
</choice>
</attribute>
</optional>
diff --git a/src/conf/netdev_vlan_conf.c b/src/conf/netdev_vlan_conf.c
index dff49c6..79710d9 100644
--- a/src/conf/netdev_vlan_conf.c
+++ b/src/conf/netdev_vlan_conf.c
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
#define VIR_FROM_THIS VIR_FROM_NONE
VIR_ENUM_IMPL(virNativeVlanMode, VIR_NATIVE_VLAN_MODE_LAST,
- "default", "tagged", "untagged")
+ "default", "tagged", "untagged", "dot1q-tunnel")
int
virNetDevVlanParse(xmlNodePtr node, xmlXPathContextPtr ctxt, virNetDevVlanPtr def)
diff --git a/src/util/virnetdevopenvswitch.c b/src/util/virnetdevopenvswitch.c
index 8fe06fd..9fec30b 100644
--- a/src/util/virnetdevopenvswitch.c
+++ b/src/util/virnetdevopenvswitch.c
@@ -91,6 +91,11 @@ virNetDevOpenvswitchConstructVlans(virCommandPtr cmd, virNetDevVlanPtr virtVlan)
virCommandAddArg(cmd, "vlan_mode=native-untagged");
virCommandAddArgFormat(cmd, "tag=%d", virtVlan->nativeTag);
break;
+ case VIR_NATIVE_VLAN_MODE_DOT1Q_TUNNEL:
+ virCommandAddArg(cmd, "vlan_mode=dot1q-tunnel");
+ virCommandAddArg(cmd, "other_config:qinq-ethtype=802.1q");
+ virCommandAddArgFormat(cmd, "tag=%d", virtVlan->nativeTag);
+ break;
case VIR_NATIVE_VLAN_MODE_DEFAULT:
default:
break;
@@ -504,6 +509,8 @@ int virNetDevOpenvswitchUpdateVlan(const char *ifname,
"--", "--if-exists", "clear", "Port", ifname, "tag",
"--", "--if-exists", "clear", "Port", ifname, "trunk",
"--", "--if-exists", "clear", "Port", ifname, "vlan_mode",
+ "--", "--if-exists", "remove", "Port", ifname, "other_config",
+ "qinq-ethtype", NULL,
"--", "--if-exists", "set", "Port", ifname, NULL);
if (virNetDevOpenvswitchConstructVlans(cmd, virtVlan) < 0)
diff --git a/src/util/virnetdevvlan.h b/src/util/virnetdevvlan.h
index be85f59..0667f9d 100644
--- a/src/util/virnetdevvlan.h
+++ b/src/util/virnetdevvlan.h
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ typedef enum {
VIR_NATIVE_VLAN_MODE_DEFAULT = 0,
VIR_NATIVE_VLAN_MODE_TAGGED,
VIR_NATIVE_VLAN_MODE_UNTAGGED,
+ VIR_NATIVE_VLAN_MODE_DOT1Q_TUNNEL,
VIR_NATIVE_VLAN_MODE_LAST
} virNativeVlanMode;
--
1.8.3.1
9 months
[libvirt] [PATCH] Fix compile error for stable 1.2.9
by Yang hongyang
Seems a backport miss. An extra member is passed to struct
virLXCBasicMountInfo.
Signed-off-by: Yang hongyang <hongyang.yang(a)easystack.cn>
---
src/lxc/lxc_container.c | 2 +-
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
diff --git a/src/lxc/lxc_container.c b/src/lxc/lxc_container.c
index 28dabec..1c65fa9 100644
--- a/src/lxc/lxc_container.c
+++ b/src/lxc/lxc_container.c
@@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ typedef struct {
static const virLXCBasicMountInfo lxcBasicMounts[] = {
{ "proc", "/proc", "proc", MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV, false, false },
- { "/proc/sys", "/proc/sys", NULL, MS_BIND|MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV|MS_RDONLY, false, false, false },
+ { "/proc/sys", "/proc/sys", NULL, MS_BIND|MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV|MS_RDONLY, false, false },
{ "sysfs", "/sys", "sysfs", MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV|MS_RDONLY, false, false },
{ "securityfs", "/sys/kernel/security", "securityfs", MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV|MS_RDONLY, true, true },
#if WITH_SELINUX
--
1.7.1
9 months
[libvirt] Supporting vhost-net and macvtap in libvirt for QEMU
by Anthony Liguori
Disclaimer: I am neither an SR-IOV nor a vhost-net expert, but I've CC'd
people that are who can throw tomatoes at me for getting bits wrong :-)
I wanted to start a discussion about supporting vhost-net in libvirt.
vhost-net has not yet been merged into qemu but I expect it will be soon
so it's a good time to start this discussion.
There are two modes worth supporting for vhost-net in libvirt. The
first mode is where vhost-net backs to a tun/tap device. This is
behaves in very much the same way that -net tap behaves in qemu today.
Basically, the difference is that the virtio backend is in the kernel
instead of in qemu so there should be some performance improvement.
Current, libvirt invokes qemu with -net tap,fd=X where X is an already
open fd to a tun/tap device. I suspect that after we merge vhost-net,
libvirt could support vhost-net in this mode by just doing -net
vhost,fd=X. I think the only real question for libvirt is whether to
provide a user visible switch to use vhost or to just always use vhost
when it's available and it makes sense. Personally, I think the later
makes sense.
The more interesting invocation of vhost-net though is one where the
vhost-net device backs directly to a physical network card. In this
mode, vhost should get considerably better performance than the current
implementation. I don't know the syntax yet, but I think it's
reasonable to assume that it will look something like -net
tap,dev=eth0. The effect will be that eth0 is dedicated to the guest.
On most modern systems, there is a small number of network devices so
this model is not all that useful except when dealing with SR-IOV
adapters. In that case, each physical device can be exposed as many
virtual devices (VFs). There are a few restrictions here though. The
biggest is that currently, you can only change the number of VFs by
reloading a kernel module so it's really a parameter that must be set at
startup time.
I think there are a few ways libvirt could support vhost-net in this
second mode. The simplest would be to introduce a new tag similar to
<source network='br0'>. In fact, if you probed the device type for the
network parameter, you could probably do something like <source
network='eth0'> and have it Just Work.
Another model would be to have libvirt see an SR-IOV adapter as a
network pool whereas it handled all of the VF management. Considering
how inflexible SR-IOV is today, I'm not sure whether this is the best model.
Has anyone put any more thought into this problem or how this should be
modeled in libvirt? Michael, could you share your current thinking for
-net syntax?
--
Regards,
Anthony Liguori
9 months
[PATCH libvirt v1 0/3] Ensure full early console access with libvirt
by Marc Hartmayer
Currently, early console output may be lost, e.g. if starting a guest with
`virsh start --console` guest, which can make debugging of early failures very
difficult
(like zipl messages or disabled wait conditions happening early). This is
because QEMU may emit serial console output before the libvirt console client
starts to consume data from the pts. This can be prevented by starting the guest
in paused state, connect to the console and then resume the guest.
Note: There is still a problem in QEMU itself, see QEMU patch series `[PATCH]
chardev/char-pty: Avoid losing bytes when the other side just (re-)connected`
[1]
Changelog:
RFCv1->v1:
+ rebased on current master
+ worked in comments from Daniel
[1] https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2023-08/msg02725.html
Marc Hartmayer (3):
virsh: add `console --resume` support
Improve `virsh start --console` behavior
Improve `virsh create --console` behavior
tools/virsh-console.c | 8 ++++
tools/virsh-console.h | 1 +
tools/virsh-domain.c | 94 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
3 files changed, 80 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)
base-commit: dd403f8873cf8de7675b89ed757a4228af7bc05e
--
2.34.1
9 months
[libvirt RFCv11 00/33] multifd save restore prototype
by Claudio Fontana
This is v11 of the multifd save prototype, which focuses on saving
to a single file instead of requiring multiple separate files for
multifd channels.
This series demonstrates a way to save and restore from a single file
by using interleaved channels of a size equal to the transfer buffer
size (1MB), and relying on UNIX holes to avoid wasting physical disk
space due to channels of different size.
KNOWN ISSUES:
a) still applies only to save/restore (no managed save etc)
b) this is not not done in QEMU, where it could be possible to teach
QEMU to migrate directly to a file or block device in a
block-aligned way by altering the migration stream code and the
state migration code of all devices.
changes from v10:
* virfile: add new API virFileDiskCopyChannel, which extends the
existing virFileDiskCopy to work with parallel channels in the file.
* drop use of virthread API, use GLIB for threads.
* pass only a single FD to the multifd-helper, which will then open
additional FDs as required for the multithreaded I/O.
* simplify virQEMUSaveFd API, separating the initialization from the
addition of extra channels.
* adapt all documentation to mention a single file instead of multiple.
* remove the "Lim" versions of virFileDirectRead and Write, they are
not needed.
---
changes from v9:
* exposed virFileDirectAlign
* separated the >= 2 QEMU_SAVE_VERSION change in own patch
* reworked the write code to add the alignment padding to the
data_len, making the on disk format compatible when loaded
from an older libvirt.
* reworked the read code to use direct I/O APIs only for actual
direct I/O file descriptors, so as to make old images work
with newer libvirt.
---
changes from v8:
* rebased on master
* reordered patches to add more upstreamable content at the start
* split introduction of virQEMUSaveFd, so the first part is multifd-free
* new virQEMUSaveDataRead as a mirror of virQEMUSaveDataWrite
* introduced virFileDirect API, using it in virFileDisk operations and
for virQEMUSaveRead and virQEMUSaveWrite
---
changes from v7:
* [ base params API and iohelper refactoring upstreamed ]
* extended the QEMU save image format more, to record the nr
of multifd channels on save. Made the data header struct packed.
* removed --parallel-connections from the restore command, as now
it is useless due to QEMU save image format extension.
* separate out patches to expose migration_params APIs to saveimage,
including qemuMigrationParamsSetString, SetCap, SetInt.
* fixed bugs in the ImageOpen patch (missing saveFd init), removed
some whitespace, and fixed some convoluted code paths for return
value -3.
---
changes from v6:
* improved error path handling, with error messages and especially
cancellation of qemu process on error during restore.
* split patches more and reordered them to keep general refactoring
at the beginning before the --parallel stuff is introduced.
* improved multifd compression support, including adding an enum
and extending the QEMU save image format to record the compression
used on save, and pick it up automatically on restore.
---
changes from v4:
* runIO renamed to virFileDiskCopy and rethought arguments
* renamed new APIs from ...ParametersFlags to ...Params
* introduce the new virDomainSaveParams and virDomainRestoreParams
without any additional parameters, so they can be upstreamed first.
* solved the issue in the gendispatch.pl script generating code that
was missing the conn parameter.
---
changes from v3:
* reordered series to have all helper-related change at the start
* solved all reported issues from ninja test, including documentation
* fixed most broken migration capabilities code (still imperfect likely)
* added G_GNUC_UNUSED as needed
* after multifd restore, added what I think were the missing operations:
qemuProcessRefreshState(),
qemuProcessStartCPUs() - most importantly,
virDomainObjSave()
The domain now starts running after restore without further encouragement
* removed the sleep(10) from the multifd-helper
---
changes from v2:
* added ability to restore the VM from disk using multifd
* fixed the multifd-helper to work in both directions,
assuming the need to listen for save, and connect for restore.
* fixed a large number of bugs, and probably introduced some :-)
---
Claudio Fontana (33):
virfile: introduce virFileDirect APIs
virfile: use virFileDirect API in runIOCopy
qemu: saveimage: rework image read/write to be O_DIRECT friendly
qemu: saveimage: assume future formats will also support compression
virfile: virFileDiskCopy: prepare for O_DIRECT files without wrapper
qemu: saveimage: introduce virQEMUSaveFd
qemu: saveimage: convert qemuSaveImageCreate to use virQEMUSaveFd
qemu: saveimage: convert qemuSaveImageOpen to use virQEMUSaveFd
tools: prepare doSave to use parameters
tools: prepare cmdRestore to use parameters
libvirt: add new VIR_DOMAIN_SAVE_PARALLEL flag and parameter
qemu: add stub support for VIR_DOMAIN_SAVE_PARALLEL in save
qemu: add stub support for VIR_DOMAIN_SAVE_PARALLEL in restore
virfile: add new API virFileDiskCopyChannel
multifd-helper: new helper for parallel save/restore
qemu: saveimage: update virQEMUSaveFd struct for parallel save
qemu: saveimage: wire up saveimage code with the multifd helper
qemu: capabilities: add multifd to the probed migration capabilities
qemu: saveimage: add multifd related fields to save format
qemu: migration_params: add APIs to set Int and Cap
qemu: migration: implement qemuMigrationSrcToFilesMultiFd for save
qemu: add parameter to qemuMigrationDstRun to skip waiting
qemu: implement qemuSaveImageLoadMultiFd for restore
tools: add parallel parameter to virsh save command
tools: add parallel parameter to virsh restore command
qemu: add migration parameter multifd-compression
libvirt: add new VIR_DOMAIN_SAVE_PARAM_PARALLEL_COMPRESSION
qemu: saveimage: add parallel compression argument to ImageCreate
qemu: saveimage: add stub support for multifd compression parameter
qemu: migration: expose qemuMigrationParamsSetString
qemu: saveimage: implement multifd-compression in parallel save
qemu: saveimage: restore compressed parallel images
tools: add parallel-compression parameter to virsh save command
docs/manpages/virsh.rst | 26 +-
include/libvirt/libvirt-domain.h | 24 +
po/POTFILES | 1 +
src/libvirt_private.syms | 6 +
src/qemu/qemu_capabilities.c | 4 +
src/qemu/qemu_capabilities.h | 2 +
src/qemu/qemu_driver.c | 146 ++--
src/qemu/qemu_migration.c | 160 ++--
src/qemu/qemu_migration.h | 16 +-
src/qemu/qemu_migration_params.c | 71 +-
src/qemu/qemu_migration_params.h | 15 +
src/qemu/qemu_process.c | 3 +-
src/qemu/qemu_process.h | 5 +-
src/qemu/qemu_saveimage.c | 703 +++++++++++++-----
src/qemu/qemu_saveimage.h | 69 +-
src/qemu/qemu_snapshot.c | 6 +-
src/util/iohelper.c | 3 +
src/util/meson.build | 16 +
src/util/multifd-helper.c | 359 +++++++++
src/util/virfile.c | 391 +++++++---
src/util/virfile.h | 11 +
.../caps_4.0.0.aarch64.xml | 1 +
.../qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_4.0.0.ppc64.xml | 1 +
.../caps_4.0.0.riscv32.xml | 1 +
.../caps_4.0.0.riscv64.xml | 1 +
.../qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_4.0.0.s390x.xml | 1 +
.../caps_4.0.0.x86_64.xml | 1 +
.../caps_4.1.0.x86_64.xml | 1 +
.../caps_4.2.0.aarch64.xml | 1 +
.../qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_4.2.0.ppc64.xml | 1 +
.../qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_4.2.0.s390x.xml | 1 +
.../caps_4.2.0.x86_64.xml | 1 +
.../caps_5.0.0.aarch64.xml | 2 +
.../qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_5.0.0.ppc64.xml | 2 +
.../caps_5.0.0.riscv64.xml | 2 +
.../caps_5.0.0.x86_64.xml | 2 +
.../qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_5.1.0.sparc.xml | 2 +
.../caps_5.1.0.x86_64.xml | 2 +
.../caps_5.2.0.aarch64.xml | 2 +
.../qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_5.2.0.ppc64.xml | 2 +
.../caps_5.2.0.riscv64.xml | 2 +
.../qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_5.2.0.s390x.xml | 2 +
.../caps_5.2.0.x86_64.xml | 2 +
.../caps_6.0.0.aarch64.xml | 2 +
.../qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_6.0.0.s390x.xml | 2 +
.../caps_6.0.0.x86_64.xml | 2 +
.../caps_6.1.0.x86_64.xml | 2 +
.../caps_6.2.0.aarch64.xml | 2 +
.../qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_6.2.0.ppc64.xml | 2 +
.../caps_6.2.0.x86_64.xml | 2 +
.../caps_7.0.0.aarch64.xml | 2 +
.../qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_7.0.0.ppc64.xml | 2 +
.../caps_7.0.0.x86_64.xml | 2 +
.../caps_7.1.0.x86_64.xml | 2 +
tools/virsh-domain.c | 101 ++-
55 files changed, 1748 insertions(+), 445 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/util/multifd-helper.c
--
2.26.2
9 months, 1 week
[PATCH v2] lxc: fix lxcContainerMountAllFS() DEREF_BEFORE_CHECK
by Dmitry Frolov
vmDef->fss[i]->src->path may be NULL,
so check is needed before passing it to VIR_DEBUG.
Also removed checking vmDef->fss[i]->src for NULL, since it may not be NULL.
Fixes: 57487085dc ("lxc: don't try to reference NULL when mounting filesystems")
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Frolov <frolov(a)swemel.ru>
---
src/lxc/lxc_container.c | 4 ++--
1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
diff --git a/src/lxc/lxc_container.c b/src/lxc/lxc_container.c
index 21220661f7..9601061b23 100644
--- a/src/lxc/lxc_container.c
+++ b/src/lxc/lxc_container.c
@@ -1467,12 +1467,12 @@ static int lxcContainerMountAllFS(virDomainDef *vmDef,
if (STREQ(vmDef->fss[i]->dst, "/"))
continue;
- VIR_DEBUG("Mounting '%s' -> '%s'", vmDef->fss[i]->src->path, vmDef->fss[i]->dst);
+ VIR_DEBUG("Mounting '%s' -> '%s'", NULLSTR(vmDef->fss[i]->src->path), vmDef->fss[i]->dst);
if (lxcContainerResolveSymlinks(vmDef->fss[i], false) < 0)
return -1;
- if (!(vmDef->fss[i]->src && vmDef->fss[i]->src->path &&
+ if (!(vmDef->fss[i]->src->path &&
STRPREFIX(vmDef->fss[i]->src->path, vmDef->fss[i]->dst)) &&
lxcContainerUnmountSubtree(vmDef->fss[i]->dst, false) < 0)
return -1;
--
2.34.1
9 months, 1 week
