On 02/10/2011 09:51 AM, Tanguy ROZIER wrote:As I said in my last mail, if you do not manually define a MAC address for an interface, libvirt will automatically generate a random mac address, and save it into the domain config for you, so that the 2nd and subsequent times you start the guest, it will use the same mac address. So, there is no requirement that you manually define the MAC address.
OK so he should fix the problem with libvirt to associate a fixed MAC
to the interface of the VM :
<interface type='bridge'>
<source bridge='br0'/>
<mac address="00:11:22:33:44:55"/> <----------this is here :
you must *define* the MAC address of your interface
</interface>
For example, I just edited an existing domain config with "virsh edit domainname" and added this:<model type='virtio'/>
<interface type='network'>
<source network='default'/>
</interface>
Then I immediately ran "virsh dumpxml domainname", and the interface config had been magically transformed:
<interface type='network'>
<mac address='52:54:00:e2:75:a4'/>
<source network='default'/>
<model type='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>
</interface>
This mac address (and pci addressing information) is stored in the persistent config for the guest, so they will be the same every time the guest is started.
If this is not happening, it's due to 1 of 3 reasons:
1) You are using a *very* old libvirt. I'm fairly certain, that it has auto-generated mac addresses at least since I became involved with libvirt 2 years ago (and possibly it's always been that way).
2) The guests are being "virsh create"ed as transient guests, so that the auto-generated mac address is never saved. "virsh create" is the wrong tool for this job, a combination of "virsh define" followed by "virsh start" would be more appropriate.
3) there is a bug somewhere.
2011/2/10 Laine Stump<laine@laine.org>:
On 02/10/2011 08:50 AM, Tanguy ROZIER wrote:
Your problem is related to udev : every reboot of VM, udev in VMWhen a domain is defined with an interface, if no mac address is supplied,
checks the MAC address of the ethernet interface of the system to
associate it with a static name (eth0, eth1...).
If you change the MAC address of the Ethernet interface of your VM, it
will detect a new interface and associate it with a new name (ethx+1).
In order to avoid it :
try not to change the MAC address of your VM ethernet device (you can
fix it with libvirt xml),
libvirt will automatically generate one and write that generated mac back to
the config, so that the next time the guest boots it will be presented with
an ethernet having the same mac address as the previous time.
How are you defining your guests? Are you perhaps using "virsh create" (but
using an existing image file) to create a transient guest each time you want
to boot the guest, rather than doing "virsh define" once to create a
persistent guest, then using "virsh start" each time you want to boot it?
You should be doing the latter - if you continuously use "virsh create",
libvirt will think that it's a "throw away" guest, and won't save the config
(or any changes to it), so the next time you do "virsh create", the disk
image will have memory of the previous run (by having "eth0" assigned to
some particular mac address), but libvirt won't have any memory of it (it
thinks you're creating a brand new guest), so it will generate a new mac
address for the interface, the guest will boot, see a "new" interface,
notice that "eth0" is already taken, so it will use "eth1", and so on.
If you actually are using "virsh define" to define a persistent guest, do a
"virsh dumpxml" of the guest after you've started and destroyed it, and see
if there is a mac address in the interface config. If not, that's a bug.
or deactivate this mecanism in the VM : search inThis may work (or may not - I haven't investigated), but it isn't the right
/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules : it calls
/lib/udev/write_net_rules at every reboot, you could chmod -x this
script in order to avoid it.
way to fix this problem. It's dealing with the symptom rather than the
cause.
Tanguy
2011/2/10 Marcela Castro León<mcastrol@gmail.com>:
Hello Laine:
I've revised the configuration and followed all your instructions.
I'll try to give you a better explain of my problem.
a) I need a bridged (3) configuration, because I have to connect the
guests
from each others. (via ssh and execute mpi). I've three hosts, each of
one
has at least a guest.
I'll only explain about the configuration of one of them, because the
problem is only related a one configuration.
hostname=rionegro ip=192.168.1.4
guest-name=rnompi1
b) I've configured host bridge following step by step ther instruction on
http://wiki.libvirt.org/page/Networking
this is the /etc/network/config
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto br0
iface br0 inet static
address 192.168.1.4
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.1.0
broadcast 192.168.1.255
gateway 192.168.1.10
bridge_ports eth0
bridge_stp on
bridge_fd 0
bridge_maxwait 0
c) this is the xml guest configuration related to the network.
<interface type='bridge'>
<source bridge='br0'/>
</interface>
d) But the guest doesn't get any IP automatically, and create an
interface
with a variable name (eth4, eth5,etch6..). I don't know how to achieve
the
guest don't behave like this and create always its network interface with
a
fixed name, for example, eth0).
Why I ask that?
if the guest created an interface with a fixed name, I would configure
and
static ip for the it.
I'm attaching a printscreen "rnompi1.jpg" that show what ifconfig ahow
on
the guest (eth14 and without any IP). It doesn't get their host either.
The only way I achieve to solve but "temporally" until reboot is
configuring
the guest statically using the name of the interface that has just up.In
that case every works fine, and the guest can connect to all the other
guests on the lan and others can connect to it.
But this only works until reboot or reconfigure the guest, because each
time
the name of interface change, and my configuration I had done of
/etc/network/interface didn't work any more because is related to another
interface.
I hope I've explained better the problem I have.
Thank you very much, you've already helped too much to better understand
the
different cases of network configuration
Regards.
2011/2/10 Marcela Castro León<mcastrol@gmail.com>
Hello Laine:_______________________________________________
Thank you very much.
I've showed only one of the guest, each one have it's own ip address.
Anyway, I'll follow your advise of revise all the configuration after
reading the doc.
Thank you very much again.
Regards.
2011/2/8 Laine Stump<laine@laine.org>
(For future questions such as this, you may find you get a better
response (and lower signal-noise ratio) by asking on the recently
-created
libvirt-users@redhat.com list, as libvir-list has a very large volume
of
patches and discussion about the internals of libvirt)
On 02/08/2011 12:05 PM, Marcela Castro León wrote:
Hello
I've a lan of virtual machine configured with bridge. I've a private
lan
of 4 machine, but one of them have 2 lan-card with access to internet.
Evertything works almost fine, except that I've configured on each
guest
the static configuration of the bridge with the ip address, like this:
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth6
iface eth6 inet static
address 192.168.1.41
network 192.168.1.0
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.10
So are you saying that you're attempting to give each guest the *same*
IP
address? There's no way that can possibly work, even if each is
connected to
a separate virtual network or bridge. Since the host's IP stack can
"see"
all of the guests' network traffic, regardless of the connection mode
you
choose, each must have a unique IP address even if they can't see each
other.
But each time I, for example, define the guest, it start with a
ascending
number of interface: eth6,eth7, eth8, etc, Now is initializing with
eth12.
There must be a mixup in the explanation - I'm understanding that you
put
the same config file in each guest, but each guest, when it starts,
shows a
different ethernet interface in its ifconfig. That doesn't seem right,
because none of the guests know about each other. Or are you saying
something different? Where are you seeing the "eth6", "eth7", ...
"eth12"?
In the guest XML config maybe?
So, it doesn't get the manual configuration I've done on the
/etc/network/interfaces.
How can avoid this way of work of the number of ethernet interface the
guest start?
Why are you doing a manual/static definition on the guest at all? It's
simpler to just leave the guest to automatically configure its eth0,
and if
you really want a particular IP address for a particular guest, handle
that
with a<host> element in the<dhcp> section of the virtual network the
guest
is connected to (or, if you're using a pure bridging setup, then in the
static hosts config of the dhcp server on that network).
A way i'm trying to solve is configuring the interface trough the guest
xml definition,
The guest xml interface configuration cannot be used to setup the IP
address, route, etc config of the guest. It is only used for two
things:
1) configuring what kind of hardware appears on the guest (but not what
name the guest gives to it!)
2) configuring how that hardware is connected to the physical network
(usually either via an existing bridge interface on the host (in order
for
the guest to appear as if its directly connected to the physical
network),
or via a "virtual network" created by libvirt (which is really just a
bridge
that's not directly connected to any physical interface, relying
instead on
the host's IP stack to route packets from the guest out to the physical
network.)
but the operation "define" on virsh accepted without error the xml i've
done, but the dumpxml doesn't show them, so, it doesn't work at all.
I've followed the instruction that said the manual "Application
development guide - a guide to application development with libvirt" on
page
71.
That document is targeted towards software developers writing
applications to manage virtual guests using the libvirt API, not for
system
administrators who are configuring virtual guests manually (or, more
likely,
by using software that uses the libvirt API, eg virsh or virt-manager).
It
likely contains more detail and less overview than what you need, which
is
probably what led to the confusion. I've included a pointer to a wiki
page
below that is more the appropriate level of information (Justin, if the
docs
you were working on are somewhere easily accessible, you can point to
those
instead.)
The whole definition of the VM is attached, but the related to
interface
is:
<interface type='bridge'>
<source bridge='br0'/>
<target dev='vnet0'/>
<protocol>
<ip address="192.168.1.41" prefix="24"/>
<route gateway="192.168.1.10"/>
</protocol>
<bridge stp="off" delay="0.01">
<interface type="ethernet" name="eth12">
<protocol>
<ip address="192.168.1.41" prefix="24"/>
<route gateway="192.168.1.10"/>
</protocol>
</interface>
</bridge>
</interface>
You are confusing the guest interface config (that is part of the
guest's
XML config, and described above), and host physical interface config
(that
is not in any way associated with guest config, but instead used to
configure the host's physical network interfaces, bridges, bonds, and
vlan
interfaces; and nearly as important, is not supported on Ubuntu
anyway).
Actual guest interface config is *much* simpler than that.
But after define, the dumpxml only show this part:
<interface type='bridge'>
<mac address='52:54:00:3c:92:9a'/>
<source bridge='br0'/>
</interface>
That's because everything else you've put in your guest config is not
actually a part of a valid guest interface config, and so is ignored.
I would appreciate any help to solve the question. The problem I've is
I
lost the access to the guest every time the libvirt change the name of
the
interface eth1,2,3, etc.
In this case I think it may be useful to start over. You've somehow
been
tricked into misunderstanding the way that network configuration in
libvirt
works, confusing host interface config with guest interface config, and
the
resulting config bears little resemblance to what would actually work.
==
The first step is to read this page:
http://wiki.libvirt.org/page/Networking
to get a basic overview.
==
Second step: you should decide which of the three methods of connecting
to guests to the physical network you want to use:
1) NATed
2) routed
3) bridged
The simplest is (1), and that will probably work just fine as long as
1)
you don't need incoming connections to the guests, and 2) you're not
concerned about getting the last fraction of an ounce of performance
out of
the network.
Depending on which of those 3 you decide to use:
==
Third step: follow the instructions to either create a bridge interface
on the host connected to a physical network interface (for (3)), or to
create a libvirt virtual network using one of the two modes ((1) or (2)
-
actually the stock libvirt config already has a "default" network that
is
probably adequate for (1), and unless you understand IP routing very
well,
you'll likely want to avoid (2)).
Once the physical network is setup:
==
Fourth step: define your guests. In each guest, you'll have an
<interface> element, but it will be much simpler than what you've
previously
tried. For bridged mode, the interface section would look like this:
<interface type='bridge'>
<source bridge='br0'/>
</interface>
Depending on the guest, you may want to specify what type of hardware
is
presented to the guest (default is rtl, which almost always works, but
is
not the best perfrorming), in particular, if the guest supports
virtio-net,
you'll want to add this into the<interface> element:
<model type='virtio'/>
For NATed or routed mode, the guest's interface definition would look
like this:
<interface type='network'>
<source network='default'/>
</interface>
(replace "default" with the name of the network you've defined, if
you've
defined your own). In this case also, you can add a<model type='...'/>
if
appropriate.
Note that I don't put anything in the<interface> element about MAC
address, target device, or bus address. Those are all setup
automatically by
libvirt the first time you start the guest, and it will make sure that
the
guests don't interfere with each other.
==
Fifth step: only if you need a particular guest to have a particular
fixed IP address, either 1) edit the network config file on the guest,
2)
add a static host to the libvirt virtual network definition (giving the
MAC
address provided to the guest by libvirt during the initial guest
startup)
with a<host> element added to the<dhcp> element of the network;
details
are here:
http://www.libvirt.org/formatnetwork.html
or 3) if you're using the bridged method to connect to the physical
network, again either configure the guest's own config file, or add a
static
host definition to the dhcp server running on your physical network.
If you still have problems don't hesitate to send another mail
(although,
as I said at the top, sending to libvirt-users@redhat.com may yield
better
results than libvir-list@redhat.com).
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