1:57 a.m.
I'm a beginner to libvirt and creating VMs, for that matter. I have a set of
specifications for VMs I need to create and log into, but I have to create them on an
Ubuntu box that I only have ssh access to. I won't have desktop GUI access, although
I do have dynamic port forwarding, so I can access a browser GUI from my desktop.
Reading through the libvirt info, I see numerous mentions about using VNC to do additional
work, but I won't be able to use VNC (not allowed within our firewall).
I could use some advice on how to move forward with this. I've started at
https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/libvirt.html for initial information.
I managed to create a disk image for my first VM, and I believe I created the first VM
using an ISO (based on CentOS, I believe), but I'll probably have to rebuild that,
because I think I have to configure networks on the VM, which I didn't do on initial
creation. I was confused by the initial results from "virt-install", because it
seemed to hang after a second or two (I posted this SO question about this:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/31302871/trouble-using-virt-install-on...
). The reply from this makes it seem like it was trying to present a GUI for next steps,
but I of course never saw that. The VM appears to exist, but in a "shut off"
state.
2:21 a.m.
I actually find I do almost all my VM management inside the virsh command.
If the VM appears to exist inside virsh but is in a shut off state then you
should try to start it.
VNC can also be SSH port forwarded (which I have done before).
Not sure if this will help but this is the command I use to create VMs:
virt-install \
--name example \
--vcpus=4 \
--disk /data/example,size=80 \
--ram 2048 \
--graphics vnc,password=**********,listen=0.0.0.0,port=15916 \
--accelerate \
--cdrom /var/kvm/ubuntu-14.04.1-server-amd64-autoinstall.iso \
--os-type=linux \
--noautoconsole \
--network network=default \
--boot cdrom,fd,hd,network,menu=off
I also edit the XML file sometimes. Notice I have the autoinstall iso.
Basically I went through and created a ks.cfg file after extracting the ISO
file to a directory. Then I ran a command like this:
mkisofs -D -r -V "auto install" -cache-inodes -J -l -b
isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4
-boot-info-table -o /var/kvm/ubuntu-14.04.1-server-amd64-autoinstall.iso
/root/serveriso
On Thu, Jul 9, 2015 at 10:57 AM, KARR, DAVID <dk068x(a)att.com> wrote:
I'm a beginner to libvirt and creating VMs, for that matter. I
have a set
of specifications for VMs I need to create and log into, but I have to
create them on an Ubuntu box that I only have ssh access to. I won't have
desktop GUI access, although I do have dynamic port forwarding, so I can
access a browser GUI from my desktop.
Reading through the libvirt info, I see numerous mentions about using VNC
to do additional work, but I won't be able to use VNC (not allowed within
our firewall).
I could use some advice on how to move forward with this. I've started at
https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/libvirt.html for initial
information.
I managed to create a disk image for my first VM, and I believe I created
the first VM using an ISO (based on CentOS, I believe), but I'll probably
have to rebuild that, because I think I have to configure networks on the
VM, which I didn't do on initial creation. I was confused by the initial
results from "virt-install", because it seemed to hang after a second or
two (I posted this SO question about this:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/31302871/trouble-using-virt-install-on...
). The reply from this makes it seem like it was trying to present a GUI
for next steps, but I of course never saw that. The VM appears to exist,
but in a "shut off" state.
_______________________________________________
libvirt-users mailing list
libvirt-users(a)redhat.com
https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/libvirt-users
2:48 a.m.
Thanks for replying. Good info so far.
After I start the VM, I’m going to need to see the boot console, and I’ll need to ssh into
it with a hostname or IP. What are some required steps for those needs?
This VM is going to need to access a few associated networks. I can see that the
“—networks” option is part of the interface for configuring this. What are some things
I’ll have to do for this?
From: Jeff Tchang [mailto:jeff.tchang@gmail.com]
Sent: Thursday, July 09, 2015 11:21 AM
To: KARR, DAVID
Cc: libvirt-users(a)redhat.com
Subject: Re: [libvirt-users] libvirt beginner needs to create and start VMs entirely on
command line
I actually find I do almost all my VM management inside the virsh command.
If the VM appears to exist inside virsh but is in a shut off state then you should try to
start it.
VNC can also be SSH port forwarded (which I have done before).
Not sure if this will help but this is the command I use to create VMs:
virt-install \
--name example \
--vcpus=4 \
--disk /data/example,size=80 \
--ram 2048 \
--graphics vnc,password=**********,listen=0.0.0.0,port=15916 \
--accelerate \
--cdrom /var/kvm/ubuntu-14.04.1-server-amd64-autoinstall.iso \
--os-type=linux \
--noautoconsole \
--network network=default \
--boot cdrom,fd,hd,network,menu=off
I also edit the XML file sometimes. Notice I have the autoinstall iso. Basically I went
through and created a ks.cfg file after extracting the ISO file to a directory. Then I ran
a command like this:
mkisofs -D -r -V "auto install" -cache-inodes -J -l -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c
isolinux/boot.cat<http://boot.cat> -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table
-o /var/kvm/ubuntu-14.04.1-server-amd64-autoinstall.iso /root/serveriso
On Thu, Jul 9, 2015 at 10:57 AM, KARR, DAVID
<dk068x@att.com<mailto:dk068x@att.com>> wrote:
I'm a beginner to libvirt and creating VMs, for that matter. I have a set of
specifications for VMs I need to create and log into, but I have to create them on an
Ubuntu box that I only have ssh access to. I won't have desktop GUI access, although
I do have dynamic port forwarding, so I can access a browser GUI from my desktop.
Reading through the libvirt info, I see numerous mentions about using VNC to do additional
work, but I won't be able to use VNC (not allowed within our firewall).
I could use some advice on how to move forward with this. I've started at
https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/libvirt.html for initial information.
I managed to create a disk image for my first VM, and I believe I created the first VM
using an ISO (based on CentOS, I believe), but I'll probably have to rebuild that,
because I think I have to configure networks on the VM, which I didn't do on initial
creation. I was confused by the initial results from "virt-install", because it
seemed to hang after a second or two (I posted this SO question about this:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/31302871/trouble-using-virt-install-on...
). The reply from this makes it seem like it was trying to present a GUI for next steps,
but I of course never saw that. The VM appears to exist, but in a "shut off"
state.
_______________________________________________
libvirt-users mailing list
libvirt-users@redhat.com<mailto:libvirt-users@redhat.com>
https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/libvirt-users
4:53 a.m.
To see the boot console you need to have a VNC client and connect to it
once it is up.
For Mac OS I use the "Screen Sharing" application which can connect to VNC
natively.
For Windows you can use something like tightvnc.
For SSH you need to make sure it is listening on the port.
--network is used to specify a libvirt network I believe.
On my example box it is in /var/lib/libvirt/network/default.xml
<!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made
using:
virsh net-edit default
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->
<networkstatus>
<class_id bitmap='0-2'/>
<floor sum='0'/>
<network>
<name>default</name>
<uuid>*****</uuid>
<forward mode='nat'>
<nat>
<port start='1024' end='65535'/>
</nat>
</forward>
<bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/>
<mac address='****'/>
<ip address='192.168.5.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
<dhcp>
<range start='192.168.5.100' end='192.168.5.254'/>
<host mac='aa:bb:cc:dd:dd:dd' name='example-reserved'
ip='192.168.5.10'/>
</dhcp>
</ip>
</network>
</networkstatus>
So basically you do --network default and then make sure the VM is
configured to do a DHCP out and it will get an address.
virsh net-edit default is the command you want to run.
There is also a command to view the networks that libvirt has.
On Thu, Jul 9, 2015 at 11:48 AM, KARR, DAVID <dk068x(a)att.com> wrote:
Thanks for replying. Good info so far.
After I start the VM, I’m going to need to see the boot console, and I’ll
need to ssh into it with a hostname or IP. What are some required steps
for those needs?
This VM is going to need to access a few associated networks. I can see
that the “—networks” option is part of the interface for configuring
this. What are some things I’ll have to do for this?
*From:* Jeff Tchang [mailto:jeff.tchang@gmail.com]
*Sent:* Thursday, July 09, 2015 11:21 AM
*To:* KARR, DAVID
*Cc:* libvirt-users(a)redhat.com
*Subject:* Re: [libvirt-users] libvirt beginner needs to create and start
VMs entirely on command line
I actually find I do almost all my VM management inside the virsh command.
If the VM appears to exist inside virsh but is in a shut off state then
you should try to start it.
VNC can also be SSH port forwarded (which I have done before).
Not sure if this will help but this is the command I use to create VMs:
virt-install \
--name example \
--vcpus=4 \
--disk /data/example,size=80 \
--ram 2048 \
--graphics vnc,password=**********,listen=0.0.0.0,port=15916 \
--accelerate \
--cdrom /var/kvm/ubuntu-14.04.1-server-amd64-autoinstall.iso \
--os-type=linux \
--noautoconsole \
--network network=default \
--boot cdrom,fd,hd,network,menu=off
I also edit the XML file sometimes. Notice I have the autoinstall iso.
Basically I went through and created a ks.cfg file after extracting the ISO
file to a directory. Then I ran a command like this:
mkisofs -D -r -V "auto install" -cache-inodes -J -l -b
isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size
4 -boot-info-table -o /var/kvm/ubuntu-14.04.1-server-amd64-autoinstall.iso
/root/serveriso
On Thu, Jul 9, 2015 at 10:57 AM, KARR, DAVID <dk068x(a)att.com> wrote:
I'm a beginner to libvirt and creating VMs, for that matter. I have a set
of specifications for VMs I need to create and log into, but I have to
create them on an Ubuntu box that I only have ssh access to. I won't have
desktop GUI access, although I do have dynamic port forwarding, so I can
access a browser GUI from my desktop.
Reading through the libvirt info, I see numerous mentions about using VNC
to do additional work, but I won't be able to use VNC (not allowed within
our firewall).
I could use some advice on how to move forward with this. I've started at
https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/libvirt.html for initial
information.
I managed to create a disk image for my first VM, and I believe I created
the first VM using an ISO (based on CentOS, I believe), but I'll probably
have to rebuild that, because I think I have to configure networks on the
VM, which I didn't do on initial creation. I was confused by the initial
results from "virt-install", because it seemed to hang after a second or
two (I posted this SO question about this:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/31302871/trouble-using-virt-install-on...
). The reply from this makes it seem like it was trying to present a GUI
for next steps, but I of course never saw that. The VM appears to exist,
but in a "shut off" state.
_______________________________________________
libvirt-users mailing list
libvirt-users(a)redhat.com
https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/libvirt-users
_______________________________________________
libvirt-users mailing list
libvirt-users(a)redhat.com
https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/libvirt-users
2:37 a.m.
This is offtopic, but related to what you’ve told me so far. I’m having some trouble
getting the VNC connection to work. Technically, the “connection” is working fine, but
the Windows TightVNC Viewer comes up with an error dialog saying this:
Xsession: unable to start X session --- no "/home/.../.xsession" file, no
"/home/.../.Xsession" file, no session managers, no window managers, and no
terminal emulators found; aborting.
The ~/.xsession-errors file on the remote box says the same thing (so that confirms my
port forwarding is working), and I definitely do NOT have a ~/.xsession file, so the error
message is definitely accurate. I obviously need to get a .xsession file, but I’m not
sure if the absence of that file implies something more “high-level”. I’m vaguely
familiar with what goes into .xsession, although I haven’t worked with X11 for ~25 years
or so.
From: Jeff Tchang [mailto:jeff.tchang@gmail.com]
Sent: Thursday, July 09, 2015 1:53 PM
To: KARR, DAVID
Cc: libvirt-users(a)redhat.com
Subject: Re: [libvirt-users] libvirt beginner needs to create and start VMs entirely on
command line
To see the boot console you need to have a VNC client and connect to it once it is up.
For Mac OS I use the "Screen Sharing" application which can connect to VNC
natively.
For Windows you can use something like tightvnc.
For SSH you need to make sure it is listening on the port.
--network is used to specify a libvirt network I believe.
On my example box it is in /var/lib/libvirt/network/default.xml
<!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
virsh net-edit default
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->
<networkstatus>
<class_id bitmap='0-2'/>
<floor sum='0'/>
<network>
<name>default</name>
<uuid>*****</uuid>
<forward mode='nat'>
<nat>
<port start='1024' end='65535'/>
</nat>
</forward>
<bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/>
<mac address='****'/>
<ip address='192.168.5.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
<dhcp>
<range start='192.168.5.100' end='192.168.5.254'/>
<host mac='aa:bb:cc:dd:dd:dd' name='example-reserved'
ip='192.168.5.10'/>
</dhcp>
</ip>
</network>
</networkstatus>
So basically you do --network default and then make sure the VM is configured to do a DHCP
out and it will get an address.
virsh net-edit default is the command you want to run.
There is also a command to view the networks that libvirt has.
On Thu, Jul 9, 2015 at 11:48 AM, KARR, DAVID
<dk068x@att.com<mailto:dk068x@att.com>> wrote:
Thanks for replying. Good info so far.
After I start the VM, I’m going to need to see the boot console, and I’ll need to ssh into
it with a hostname or IP. What are some required steps for those needs?
This VM is going to need to access a few associated networks. I can see that the
“—networks” option is part of the interface for configuring this. What are some things
I’ll have to do for this?
From: Jeff Tchang [mailto:jeff.tchang@gmail.com<mailto:jeff.tchang@gmail.com>]
Sent: Thursday, July 09, 2015 11:21 AM
To: KARR, DAVID
Cc: libvirt-users@redhat.com<mailto:libvirt-users@redhat.com>
Subject: Re: [libvirt-users] libvirt beginner needs to create and start VMs entirely on
command line
I actually find I do almost all my VM management inside the virsh command.
If the VM appears to exist inside virsh but is in a shut off state then you should try to
start it.
VNC can also be SSH port forwarded (which I have done before).
Not sure if this will help but this is the command I use to create VMs:
virt-install \
--name example \
--vcpus=4 \
--disk /data/example,size=80 \
--ram 2048 \
--graphics vnc,password=**********,listen=0.0.0.0,port=15916 \
--accelerate \
--cdrom /var/kvm/ubuntu-14.04.1-server-amd64-autoinstall.iso \
--os-type=linux \
--noautoconsole \
--network network=default \
--boot cdrom,fd,hd,network,menu=off
I also edit the XML file sometimes. Notice I have the autoinstall iso. Basically I went
through and created a ks.cfg file after extracting the ISO file to a directory. Then I ran
a command like this:
mkisofs -D -r -V "auto install" -cache-inodes -J -l -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c
isolinux/boot.cat<http://boot.cat> -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table
-o /var/kvm/ubuntu-14.04.1-server-amd64-autoinstall.iso /root/serveriso
On Thu, Jul 9, 2015 at 10:57 AM, KARR, DAVID
<dk068x@att.com<mailto:dk068x@att.com>> wrote:
I'm a beginner to libvirt and creating VMs, for that matter. I have a set of
specifications for VMs I need to create and log into, but I have to create them on an
Ubuntu box that I only have ssh access to. I won't have desktop GUI access, although
I do have dynamic port forwarding, so I can access a browser GUI from my desktop.
Reading through the libvirt info, I see numerous mentions about using VNC to do additional
work, but I won't be able to use VNC (not allowed within our firewall).
I could use some advice on how to move forward with this. I've started at
https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/libvirt.html for initial information.
I managed to create a disk image for my first VM, and I believe I created the first VM
using an ISO (based on CentOS, I believe), but I'll probably have to rebuild that,
because I think I have to configure networks on the VM, which I didn't do on initial
creation. I was confused by the initial results from "virt-install", because it
seemed to hang after a second or two (I posted this SO question about this:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/31302871/trouble-using-virt-install-on...
). The reply from this makes it seem like it was trying to present a GUI for next steps,
but I of course never saw that. The VM appears to exist, but in a "shut off"
state.
_______________________________________________
libvirt-users mailing list
libvirt-users@redhat.com<mailto:libvirt-users@redhat.com>
https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/libvirt-users
_______________________________________________
libvirt-users mailing list
libvirt-users@redhat.com<mailto:libvirt-users@redhat.com>
https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/libvirt-users
4:15 a.m.
That's kind of weird. I don't think VNC has anything to do with X really.
Are you able to connect with VNC?
If you are able to establish a connection the first thing you should see is
a login prompt on most distributions (unless the distribution is configure
to start X windows). Maybe there is some key you can press to get a console
window.
Like CTRL-ALT-F1 or F2 or F3.
On Fri, Jul 10, 2015 at 11:37 AM, KARR, DAVID <dk068x(a)att.com> wrote:
This is offtopic, but related to what you’ve told me so far. I’m
having some trouble getting the VNC connection to work. Technically, the
“connection” is working fine, but the Windows TightVNC Viewer comes up with
an error dialog saying this:
Xsession: unable to start X session --- no "/home/.../.xsession" file, no
"/home/.../.Xsession" file, no session managers, no window managers, and
no
terminal emulators found; aborting.
The ~/.xsession-errors file on the remote box says the same thing (so that
confirms my port forwarding is working), and I definitely do NOT have a
~/.xsession file, so the error message is definitely accurate. I obviously
need to get a .xsession file, but I’m not sure if the absence of that file
implies something more “high-level”. I’m vaguely familiar with what goes
into .xsession, although I haven’t worked with X11 for ~25 years or so.
*From:* Jeff Tchang [mailto:jeff.tchang@gmail.com]
*Sent:* Thursday, July 09, 2015 1:53 PM
*To:* KARR, DAVID
*Cc:* libvirt-users(a)redhat.com
*Subject:* Re: [libvirt-users] libvirt beginner needs to create and start
VMs entirely on command line
To see the boot console you need to have a VNC client and connect to it
once it is up.
For Mac OS I use the "Screen Sharing" application which can connect to VNC
natively.
For Windows you can use something like tightvnc.
For SSH you need to make sure it is listening on the port.
--network is used to specify a libvirt network I believe.
On my example box it is in /var/lib/libvirt/network/default.xml
<!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made
using:
virsh net-edit default
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->
<networkstatus>
<class_id bitmap='0-2'/>
<floor sum='0'/>
<network>
<name>default</name>
<uuid>*****</uuid>
<forward mode='nat'>
<nat>
<port start='1024' end='65535'/>
</nat>
</forward>
<bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/>
<mac address='****'/>
<ip address='192.168.5.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
<dhcp>
<range start='192.168.5.100' end='192.168.5.254'/>
<host mac='aa:bb:cc:dd:dd:dd' name='example-reserved'
ip='192.168.5.10'/>
</dhcp>
</ip>
</network>
</networkstatus>
So basically you do --network default and then make sure the VM is
configured to do a DHCP out and it will get an address.
virsh net-edit default is the command you want to run.
There is also a command to view the networks that libvirt has.
On Thu, Jul 9, 2015 at 11:48 AM, KARR, DAVID <dk068x(a)att.com> wrote:
Thanks for replying. Good info so far.
After I start the VM, I’m going to need to see the boot console, and I’ll
need to ssh into it with a hostname or IP. What are some required steps
for those needs?
This VM is going to need to access a few associated networks. I can see
that the “—networks” option is part of the interface for configuring
this. What are some things I’ll have to do for this?
*From:* Jeff Tchang [mailto:jeff.tchang@gmail.com]
*Sent:* Thursday, July 09, 2015 11:21 AM
*To:* KARR, DAVID
*Cc:* libvirt-users(a)redhat.com
*Subject:* Re: [libvirt-users] libvirt beginner needs to create and start
VMs entirely on command line
I actually find I do almost all my VM management inside the virsh command.
If the VM appears to exist inside virsh but is in a shut off state then
you should try to start it.
VNC can also be SSH port forwarded (which I have done before).
Not sure if this will help but this is the command I use to create VMs:
virt-install \
--name example \
--vcpus=4 \
--disk /data/example,size=80 \
--ram 2048 \
--graphics vnc,password=**********,listen=0.0.0.0,port=15916 \
--accelerate \
--cdrom /var/kvm/ubuntu-14.04.1-server-amd64-autoinstall.iso \
--os-type=linux \
--noautoconsole \
--network network=default \
--boot cdrom,fd,hd,network,menu=off
I also edit the XML file sometimes. Notice I have the autoinstall iso.
Basically I went through and created a ks.cfg file after extracting the ISO
file to a directory. Then I ran a command like this:
mkisofs -D -r -V "auto install" -cache-inodes -J -l -b
isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size
4 -boot-info-table -o /var/kvm/ubuntu-14.04.1-server-amd64-autoinstall.iso
/root/serveriso
On Thu, Jul 9, 2015 at 10:57 AM, KARR, DAVID <dk068x(a)att.com> wrote:
I'm a beginner to libvirt and creating VMs, for that matter. I have a set
of specifications for VMs I need to create and log into, but I have to
create them on an Ubuntu box that I only have ssh access to. I won't have
desktop GUI access, although I do have dynamic port forwarding, so I can
access a browser GUI from my desktop.
Reading through the libvirt info, I see numerous mentions about using VNC
to do additional work, but I won't be able to use VNC (not allowed within
our firewall).
I could use some advice on how to move forward with this. I've started at
https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/libvirt.html for initial
information.
I managed to create a disk image for my first VM, and I believe I created
the first VM using an ISO (based on CentOS, I believe), but I'll probably
have to rebuild that, because I think I have to configure networks on the
VM, which I didn't do on initial creation. I was confused by the initial
results from "virt-install", because it seemed to hang after a second or
two (I posted this SO question about this:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/31302871/trouble-using-virt-install-on...
). The reply from this makes it seem like it was trying to present a GUI
for next steps, but I of course never saw that. The VM appears to exist,
but in a "shut off" state.
_______________________________________________
libvirt-users mailing list
libvirt-users(a)redhat.com
https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/libvirt-users
_______________________________________________
libvirt-users mailing list
libvirt-users(a)redhat.com
https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/libvirt-users
_______________________________________________
libvirt-users mailing list
libvirt-users(a)redhat.com
https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/libvirt-users
4:37 a.m.
I’m confused. You’re asking if I’m able to connect with VNC in response to my comment that
I’m unable to connect with VNC?
What I see when I open the viewer on the port is a window titled “<username> X
desktop”, with a grey background, an “X” cursor, and an error dialog (with an “okay”
prompt) saying what I described before.
Ctrl-Alt-F1 and similar keys do nothing.
From: Jeff Tchang [mailto:jeff.tchang@gmail.com]
Sent: Friday, July 10, 2015 1:15 PM
To: KARR, DAVID
Cc: libvirt-users(a)redhat.com
Subject: Re: [libvirt-users] libvirt beginner needs to create and start VMs entirely on
command line
That's kind of weird. I don't think VNC has anything to do with X really. Are you
able to connect with VNC?
If you are able to establish a connection the first thing you should see is a login prompt
on most distributions (unless the distribution is configure to start X windows). Maybe
there is some key you can press to get a console window.
Like CTRL-ALT-F1 or F2 or F3.
On Fri, Jul 10, 2015 at 11:37 AM, KARR, DAVID
<dk068x@att.com<mailto:dk068x@att.com>> wrote:
This is offtopic, but related to what you’ve told me so far. I’m having some trouble
getting the VNC connection to work. Technically, the “connection” is working fine, but
the Windows TightVNC Viewer comes up with an error dialog saying this:
Xsession: unable to start X session --- no "/home/.../.xsession" file, no
"/home/.../.Xsession" file, no session managers, no window managers, and no
terminal emulators found; aborting.
The ~/.xsession-errors file on the remote box says the same thing (so that confirms my
port forwarding is working), and I definitely do NOT have a ~/.xsession file, so the error
message is definitely accurate. I obviously need to get a .xsession file, but I’m not
sure if the absence of that file implies something more “high-level”. I’m vaguely
familiar with what goes into .xsession, although I haven’t worked with X11 for ~25 years
or so.
From: Jeff Tchang [mailto:jeff.tchang@gmail.com<mailto:jeff.tchang@gmail.com>]
Sent: Thursday, July 09, 2015 1:53 PM
To: KARR, DAVID
Cc: libvirt-users@redhat.com<mailto:libvirt-users@redhat.com>
Subject: Re: [libvirt-users] libvirt beginner needs to create and start VMs entirely on
command line
To see the boot console you need to have a VNC client and connect to it once it is up.
For Mac OS I use the "Screen Sharing" application which can connect to VNC
natively.
For Windows you can use something like tightvnc.
For SSH you need to make sure it is listening on the port.
--network is used to specify a libvirt network I believe.
On my example box it is in /var/lib/libvirt/network/default.xml
<!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
virsh net-edit default
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->
<networkstatus>
<class_id bitmap='0-2'/>
<floor sum='0'/>
<network>
<name>default</name>
<uuid>*****</uuid>
<forward mode='nat'>
<nat>
<port start='1024' end='65535'/>
</nat>
</forward>
<bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/>
<mac address='****'/>
<ip address='192.168.5.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
<dhcp>
<range start='192.168.5.100' end='192.168.5.254'/>
<host mac='aa:bb:cc:dd:dd:dd' name='example-reserved'
ip='192.168.5.10'/>
</dhcp>
</ip>
</network>
</networkstatus>
So basically you do --network default and then make sure the VM is configured to do a DHCP
out and it will get an address.
virsh net-edit default is the command you want to run.
There is also a command to view the networks that libvirt has.
On Thu, Jul 9, 2015 at 11:48 AM, KARR, DAVID
<dk068x@att.com<mailto:dk068x@att.com>> wrote:
Thanks for replying. Good info so far.
After I start the VM, I’m going to need to see the boot console, and I’ll need to ssh into
it with a hostname or IP. What are some required steps for those needs?
This VM is going to need to access a few associated networks. I can see that the
“—networks” option is part of the interface for configuring this. What are some things
I’ll have to do for this?
From: Jeff Tchang [mailto:jeff.tchang@gmail.com<mailto:jeff.tchang@gmail.com>]
Sent: Thursday, July 09, 2015 11:21 AM
To: KARR, DAVID
Cc: libvirt-users@redhat.com<mailto:libvirt-users@redhat.com>
Subject: Re: [libvirt-users] libvirt beginner needs to create and start VMs entirely on
command line
I actually find I do almost all my VM management inside the virsh command.
If the VM appears to exist inside virsh but is in a shut off state then you should try to
start it.
VNC can also be SSH port forwarded (which I have done before).
Not sure if this will help but this is the command I use to create VMs:
virt-install \
--name example \
--vcpus=4 \
--disk /data/example,size=80 \
--ram 2048 \
--graphics vnc,password=**********,listen=0.0.0.0,port=15916 \
--accelerate \
--cdrom /var/kvm/ubuntu-14.04.1-server-amd64-autoinstall.iso \
--os-type=linux \
--noautoconsole \
--network network=default \
--boot cdrom,fd,hd,network,menu=off
I also edit the XML file sometimes. Notice I have the autoinstall iso. Basically I went
through and created a ks.cfg file after extracting the ISO file to a directory. Then I ran
a command like this:
mkisofs -D -r -V "auto install" -cache-inodes -J -l -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c
isolinux/boot.cat<http://boot.cat> -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table
-o /var/kvm/ubuntu-14.04.1-server-amd64-autoinstall.iso /root/serveriso
On Thu, Jul 9, 2015 at 10:57 AM, KARR, DAVID
<dk068x@att.com<mailto:dk068x@att.com>> wrote:
I'm a beginner to libvirt and creating VMs, for that matter. I have a set of
specifications for VMs I need to create and log into, but I have to create them on an
Ubuntu box that I only have ssh access to. I won't have desktop GUI access, although
I do have dynamic port forwarding, so I can access a browser GUI from my desktop.
Reading through the libvirt info, I see numerous mentions about using VNC to do additional
work, but I won't be able to use VNC (not allowed within our firewall).
I could use some advice on how to move forward with this. I've started at
https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/libvirt.html for initial information.
I managed to create a disk image for my first VM, and I believe I created the first VM
using an ISO (based on CentOS, I believe), but I'll probably have to rebuild that,
because I think I have to configure networks on the VM, which I didn't do on initial
creation. I was confused by the initial results from "virt-install", because it
seemed to hang after a second or two (I posted this SO question about this:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/31302871/trouble-using-virt-install-on...
). The reply from this makes it seem like it was trying to present a GUI for next steps,
but I of course never saw that. The VM appears to exist, but in a "shut off"
state.
_______________________________________________
libvirt-users mailing list
libvirt-users@redhat.com<mailto:libvirt-users@redhat.com>
https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/libvirt-users
_______________________________________________
libvirt-users mailing list
libvirt-users@redhat.com<mailto:libvirt-users@redhat.com>
https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/libvirt-users
_______________________________________________
libvirt-users mailing list
libvirt-users@redhat.com<mailto:libvirt-users@redhat.com>
https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/libvirt-users
5:02 a.m.
Try some of these combinations:
http://www.howtogeek.com/119293/4-ways-to-recover-from-a-crashed-or-froze...
The good thing is your vm is up and running. You should try SSHing into it
if that works.
On Fri, Jul 10, 2015 at 1:37 PM, KARR, DAVID <dk068x(a)att.com> wrote:
I’m confused. You’re asking if I’m able to connect with VNC in
response
to my comment that I’m unable to connect with VNC?
What I see when I open the viewer on the port is a window titled
“<username> X desktop”, with a grey background, an “X” cursor, and an error
dialog (with an “okay” prompt) saying what I described before.
Ctrl-Alt-F1 and similar keys do nothing.
*From:* Jeff Tchang [mailto:jeff.tchang@gmail.com]
*Sent:* Friday, July 10, 2015 1:15 PM
*To:* KARR, DAVID
*Cc:* libvirt-users(a)redhat.com
*Subject:* Re: [libvirt-users] libvirt beginner needs to create and start
VMs entirely on command line
That's kind of weird. I don't think VNC has anything to do with X really.
Are you able to connect with VNC?
If you are able to establish a connection the first thing you should see
is a login prompt on most distributions (unless the distribution is
configure to start X windows). Maybe there is some key you can press to get
a console window.
Like CTRL-ALT-F1 or F2 or F3.
On Fri, Jul 10, 2015 at 11:37 AM, KARR, DAVID <dk068x(a)att.com> wrote:
This is offtopic, but related to what you’ve told me so far. I’m
having some trouble getting the VNC connection to work. Technically, the
“connection” is working fine, but the Windows TightVNC Viewer comes up with
an error dialog saying this:
Xsession: unable to start X session --- no "/home/.../.xsession" file, no
"/home/.../.Xsession" file, no session managers, no window managers, and
no
terminal emulators found; aborting.
The ~/.xsession-errors file on the remote box says the same thing (so that
confirms my port forwarding is working), and I definitely do NOT have a
~/.xsession file, so the error message is definitely accurate. I obviously
need to get a .xsession file, but I’m not sure if the absence of that file
implies something more “high-level”. I’m vaguely familiar with what goes
into .xsession, although I haven’t worked with X11 for ~25 years or so.
*From:* Jeff Tchang [mailto:jeff.tchang@gmail.com]
*Sent:* Thursday, July 09, 2015 1:53 PM
*To:* KARR, DAVID
*Cc:* libvirt-users(a)redhat.com
*Subject:* Re: [libvirt-users] libvirt beginner needs to create and start
VMs entirely on command line
To see the boot console you need to have a VNC client and connect to it
once it is up.
For Mac OS I use the "Screen Sharing" application which can connect to VNC
natively.
For Windows you can use something like tightvnc.
For SSH you need to make sure it is listening on the port.
--network is used to specify a libvirt network I believe.
On my example box it is in /var/lib/libvirt/network/default.xml
<!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made
using:
virsh net-edit default
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->
<networkstatus>
<class_id bitmap='0-2'/>
<floor sum='0'/>
<network>
<name>default</name>
<uuid>*****</uuid>
<forward mode='nat'>
<nat>
<port start='1024' end='65535'/>
</nat>
</forward>
<bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/>
<mac address='****'/>
<ip address='192.168.5.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
<dhcp>
<range start='192.168.5.100' end='192.168.5.254'/>
<host mac='aa:bb:cc:dd:dd:dd' name='example-reserved'
ip='192.168.5.10'/>
</dhcp>
</ip>
</network>
</networkstatus>
So basically you do --network default and then make sure the VM is
configured to do a DHCP out and it will get an address.
virsh net-edit default is the command you want to run.
There is also a command to view the networks that libvirt has.
On Thu, Jul 9, 2015 at 11:48 AM, KARR, DAVID <dk068x(a)att.com> wrote:
Thanks for replying. Good info so far.
After I start the VM, I’m going to need to see the boot console, and I’ll
need to ssh into it with a hostname or IP. What are some required steps
for those needs?
This VM is going to need to access a few associated networks. I can see
that the “—networks” option is part of the interface for configuring
this. What are some things I’ll have to do for this?
*From:* Jeff Tchang [mailto:jeff.tchang@gmail.com]
*Sent:* Thursday, July 09, 2015 11:21 AM
*To:* KARR, DAVID
*Cc:* libvirt-users(a)redhat.com
*Subject:* Re: [libvirt-users] libvirt beginner needs to create and start
VMs entirely on command line
I actually find I do almost all my VM management inside the virsh command.
If the VM appears to exist inside virsh but is in a shut off state then
you should try to start it.
VNC can also be SSH port forwarded (which I have done before).
Not sure if this will help but this is the command I use to create VMs:
virt-install \
--name example \
--vcpus=4 \
--disk /data/example,size=80 \
--ram 2048 \
--graphics vnc,password=**********,listen=0.0.0.0,port=15916 \
--accelerate \
--cdrom /var/kvm/ubuntu-14.04.1-server-amd64-autoinstall.iso \
--os-type=linux \
--noautoconsole \
--network network=default \
--boot cdrom,fd,hd,network,menu=off
I also edit the XML file sometimes. Notice I have the autoinstall iso.
Basically I went through and created a ks.cfg file after extracting the ISO
file to a directory. Then I ran a command like this:
mkisofs -D -r -V "auto install" -cache-inodes -J -l -b
isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size
4 -boot-info-table -o /var/kvm/ubuntu-14.04.1-server-amd64-autoinstall.iso
/root/serveriso
On Thu, Jul 9, 2015 at 10:57 AM, KARR, DAVID <dk068x(a)att.com> wrote:
I'm a beginner to libvirt and creating VMs, for that matter. I have a set
of specifications for VMs I need to create and log into, but I have to
create them on an Ubuntu box that I only have ssh access to. I won't have
desktop GUI access, although I do have dynamic port forwarding, so I can
access a browser GUI from my desktop.
Reading through the libvirt info, I see numerous mentions about using VNC
to do additional work, but I won't be able to use VNC (not allowed within
our firewall).
I could use some advice on how to move forward with this. I've started at
https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/libvirt.html for initial
information.
I managed to create a disk image for my first VM, and I believe I created
the first VM using an ISO (based on CentOS, I believe), but I'll probably
have to rebuild that, because I think I have to configure networks on the
VM, which I didn't do on initial creation. I was confused by the initial
results from "virt-install", because it seemed to hang after a second or
two (I posted this SO question about this:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/31302871/trouble-using-virt-install-on...
). The reply from this makes it seem like it was trying to present a GUI
for next steps, but I of course never saw that. The VM appears to exist,
but in a "shut off" state.
_______________________________________________
libvirt-users mailing list
libvirt-users(a)redhat.com
https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/libvirt-users
_______________________________________________
libvirt-users mailing list
libvirt-users(a)redhat.com
https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/libvirt-users
_______________________________________________
libvirt-users mailing list
libvirt-users(a)redhat.com
https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/libvirt-users
_______________________________________________
libvirt-users mailing list
libvirt-users(a)redhat.com
https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/libvirt-users
5:12 a.m.
I would love to ssh into it. Running “virsh list –all” says that my VM is running, but is
the VM name the hostname? I tried sshing to that, but it says it can’t resolve the
hostname.
From: Jeff Tchang [mailto:jeff.tchang@gmail.com]
Sent: Friday, July 10, 2015 2:03 PM
To: KARR, DAVID
Cc: libvirt-users(a)redhat.com
Subject: Re: [libvirt-users] libvirt beginner needs to create and start VMs entirely on
command line
Try some of these combinations:
http://www.howtogeek.com/119293/4-ways-to-recover-from-a-crashed-or-froze...
The good thing is your vm is up and running. You should try SSHing into it if that
works.
On Fri, Jul 10, 2015 at 1:37 PM, KARR, DAVID
<dk068x@att.com<mailto:dk068x@att.com>> wrote:
I’m confused. You’re asking if I’m able to connect with VNC in response to my comment that
I’m unable to connect with VNC?
What I see when I open the viewer on the port is a window titled “<username> X
desktop”, with a grey background, an “X” cursor, and an error dialog (with an “okay”
prompt) saying what I described before.
Ctrl-Alt-F1 and similar keys do nothing.
From: Jeff Tchang [mailto:jeff.tchang@gmail.com<mailto:jeff.tchang@gmail.com>]
Sent: Friday, July 10, 2015 1:15 PM
To: KARR, DAVID
Cc: libvirt-users@redhat.com<mailto:libvirt-users@redhat.com>
Subject: Re: [libvirt-users] libvirt beginner needs to create and start VMs entirely on
command line
That's kind of weird. I don't think VNC has anything to do with X really. Are you
able to connect with VNC?
If you are able to establish a connection the first thing you should see is a login prompt
on most distributions (unless the distribution is configure to start X windows). Maybe
there is some key you can press to get a console window.
Like CTRL-ALT-F1 or F2 or F3.
On Fri, Jul 10, 2015 at 11:37 AM, KARR, DAVID
<dk068x@att.com<mailto:dk068x@att.com>> wrote:
This is offtopic, but related to what you’ve told me so far. I’m having some trouble
getting the VNC connection to work. Technically, the “connection” is working fine, but
the Windows TightVNC Viewer comes up with an error dialog saying this:
Xsession: unable to start X session --- no "/home/.../.xsession" file, no
"/home/.../.Xsession" file, no session managers, no window managers, and no
terminal emulators found; aborting.
The ~/.xsession-errors file on the remote box says the same thing (so that confirms my
port forwarding is working), and I definitely do NOT have a ~/.xsession file, so the error
message is definitely accurate. I obviously need to get a .xsession file, but I’m not
sure if the absence of that file implies something more “high-level”. I’m vaguely
familiar with what goes into .xsession, although I haven’t worked with X11 for ~25 years
or so.
From: Jeff Tchang [mailto:jeff.tchang@gmail.com<mailto:jeff.tchang@gmail.com>]
Sent: Thursday, July 09, 2015 1:53 PM
To: KARR, DAVID
Cc: libvirt-users@redhat.com<mailto:libvirt-users@redhat.com>
Subject: Re: [libvirt-users] libvirt beginner needs to create and start VMs entirely on
command line
To see the boot console you need to have a VNC client and connect to it once it is up.
For Mac OS I use the "Screen Sharing" application which can connect to VNC
natively.
For Windows you can use something like tightvnc.
For SSH you need to make sure it is listening on the port.
--network is used to specify a libvirt network I believe.
On my example box it is in /var/lib/libvirt/network/default.xml
<!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
virsh net-edit default
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->
<networkstatus>
<class_id bitmap='0-2'/>
<floor sum='0'/>
<network>
<name>default</name>
<uuid>*****</uuid>
<forward mode='nat'>
<nat>
<port start='1024' end='65535'/>
</nat>
</forward>
<bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/>
<mac address='****'/>
<ip address='192.168.5.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
<dhcp>
<range start='192.168.5.100' end='192.168.5.254'/>
<host mac='aa:bb:cc:dd:dd:dd' name='example-reserved'
ip='192.168.5.10'/>
</dhcp>
</ip>
</network>
</networkstatus>
So basically you do --network default and then make sure the VM is configured to do a DHCP
out and it will get an address.
virsh net-edit default is the command you want to run.
There is also a command to view the networks that libvirt has.
On Thu, Jul 9, 2015 at 11:48 AM, KARR, DAVID
<dk068x@att.com<mailto:dk068x@att.com>> wrote:
Thanks for replying. Good info so far.
After I start the VM, I’m going to need to see the boot console, and I’ll need to ssh into
it with a hostname or IP. What are some required steps for those needs?
This VM is going to need to access a few associated networks. I can see that the
“—networks” option is part of the interface for configuring this. What are some things
I’ll have to do for this?
From: Jeff Tchang [mailto:jeff.tchang@gmail.com<mailto:jeff.tchang@gmail.com>]
Sent: Thursday, July 09, 2015 11:21 AM
To: KARR, DAVID
Cc: libvirt-users@redhat.com<mailto:libvirt-users@redhat.com>
Subject: Re: [libvirt-users] libvirt beginner needs to create and start VMs entirely on
command line
I actually find I do almost all my VM management inside the virsh command.
If the VM appears to exist inside virsh but is in a shut off state then you should try to
start it.
VNC can also be SSH port forwarded (which I have done before).
Not sure if this will help but this is the command I use to create VMs:
virt-install \
--name example \
--vcpus=4 \
--disk /data/example,size=80 \
--ram 2048 \
--graphics vnc,password=**********,listen=0.0.0.0,port=15916 \
--accelerate \
--cdrom /var/kvm/ubuntu-14.04.1-server-amd64-autoinstall.iso \
--os-type=linux \
--noautoconsole \
--network network=default \
--boot cdrom,fd,hd,network,menu=off
I also edit the XML file sometimes. Notice I have the autoinstall iso. Basically I went
through and created a ks.cfg file after extracting the ISO file to a directory. Then I ran
a command like this:
mkisofs -D -r -V "auto install" -cache-inodes -J -l -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c
isolinux/boot.cat<http://boot.cat> -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table
-o /var/kvm/ubuntu-14.04.1-server-amd64-autoinstall.iso /root/serveriso
On Thu, Jul 9, 2015 at 10:57 AM, KARR, DAVID
<dk068x@att.com<mailto:dk068x@att.com>> wrote:
I'm a beginner to libvirt and creating VMs, for that matter. I have a set of
specifications for VMs I need to create and log into, but I have to create them on an
Ubuntu box that I only have ssh access to. I won't have desktop GUI access, although
I do have dynamic port forwarding, so I can access a browser GUI from my desktop.
Reading through the libvirt info, I see numerous mentions about using VNC to do additional
work, but I won't be able to use VNC (not allowed within our firewall).
I could use some advice on how to move forward with this. I've started at
https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/libvirt.html for initial information.
I managed to create a disk image for my first VM, and I believe I created the first VM
using an ISO (based on CentOS, I believe), but I'll probably have to rebuild that,
because I think I have to configure networks on the VM, which I didn't do on initial
creation. I was confused by the initial results from "virt-install", because it
seemed to hang after a second or two (I posted this SO question about this:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/31302871/trouble-using-virt-install-on...
). The reply from this makes it seem like it was trying to present a GUI for next steps,
but I of course never saw that. The VM appears to exist, but in a "shut off"
state.
_______________________________________________
libvirt-users mailing list
libvirt-users@redhat.com<mailto:libvirt-users@redhat.com>
https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/libvirt-users
_______________________________________________
libvirt-users mailing list
libvirt-users@redhat.com<mailto:libvirt-users@redhat.com>
https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/libvirt-users
_______________________________________________
libvirt-users mailing list
libvirt-users@redhat.com<mailto:libvirt-users@redhat.com>
https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/libvirt-users
_______________________________________________
libvirt-users mailing list
libvirt-users@redhat.com<mailto:libvirt-users@redhat.com>
https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/libvirt-users
2:12 p.m.
On 07/09/2015 07:57 PM, KARR, DAVID wrote:
I'm a beginner to libvirt and creating VMs, for that matter. I
have a set of specifications for VMs I need to create and log into, but I have to create
them on an Ubuntu box that I only have ssh access to. I won't have desktop GUI
access, although I do have dynamic port forwarding, so I can access a browser GUI from my
desktop.
Reading through the libvirt info, I see numerous mentions about using VNC to do
additional work, but I won't be able to use VNC (not allowed within our firewall).
I could use some advice on how to move forward with this. I've started at
https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/libvirt.html for initial information.
I managed to create a disk image for my first VM, and I believe I created the first VM
using an ISO (based on CentOS, I believe), but I'll probably have to rebuild that,
because I think I have to configure networks on the VM, which I didn't do on initial
creation. I was confused by the initial results from "virt-install", because it
seemed to hang after a second or two (I posted this SO question about this:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/31302871/trouble-using-virt-install-on...
). The reply from this makes it seem like it was trying to present a GUI for next steps,
but I of course never saw that. The VM appears to exist, but in a "shut off"
state.
You will need for your VM:
- a storage
- CPU
- memory
- display (ex: vnc) or console
nice to have to:
- installation device (ex: mounted ISO) are network boot
- network (most time you need a network connection ;) )
I think reading the complete manpage for virt-install would be not to
bad. But some informations that I can give you befor:
you can connect virt-install, virsh, virt-viewer, virt-manager, ... over
ssh to your virtualistation host. My virtualisation host dont have any
graphics, i have only a SSH connection and doing all over it. I use
virsh, virt-install and virtmanager. All works (tunneled) over SSH. For
this you only need to connect on the right way:
https://libvirt.org/remote.html
https://libvirt.org/uri.html
when you want to connect with for example virt-manager to your remote
libvirtd just write the right URI and you can connect only with an SSH
connection to it.
If you want to use virt-install and virsh, for virt-install there is a
good manual but for virsh I don't know a complete manual. But # virsh
help command # should help to.
you need to describe how you want to connect to your vm. I don't know
the default which virt-install is taking but you can set it to vnc:
--graphics=vnc
When you don't have graphics where you are running virt-install then you
should add:
--noautoconsole
You can start virt-install on you local machine and just give the option:
--connect=driver[+transport]://[username@][hostname][:port]/[path]\[?extraparameters]
So I hope I could help and answer some questions.
Best Regards
Aaron
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3405
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Aaron Bruelisauer -
Jeff Tchang -
KARR, DAVID